Avitaminosis is a lack of a certain vitamin in the chicken.
Each of the vitamins plays its role in all metabolic processes, so it is very important that poultry receive the optimal amount of these nutrients.
Even a lack of vitamin PP affects the general condition of the bird.
Let's look at this topic in more detail and see why there is vitamin deficiency, what does it entail and is it possible to prevent its occurrence?
What is PP avitaminosis in chickens?
Vitamin PP, or nicotinic acid, is constantly involved in all metabolic processes in the body of the chicken. This applies to carbohydrate, protein and mineral metabolism.
In addition, nicotinic acid significantly increases the resistance of the intestinal mucosa to various poisons and toxins that can occur in the environment. That is why the birds do not die immediately, if there is a toxic substance in the feed.
Vitamin PP also has a positive effect on the liver, helping it to cope with any toxins that enter the body of the bird. E should forget about the positive effect of nicotinic acid on the growth of chickens. It is with its help that they quickly gain mass and are more quickly prepared for reproduction.
The lack of this vitamin immediately leads to disruption of all metabolic processes, so the diet of poultry should be closely monitored. Moreover, vitamin deficiency can develop in any breed of chicken. Due to the lack of this important substance, the young will grow more slowly, and adult birds will become more susceptible to various stimuli.
Degree of danger
The effect of lack of vitamins and trace elements has been studied relatively recently.
Only now scientists were able to establish that each vitamin is responsible for specific processes in a living organism. Unfortunately, avitaminosis never manifests itself immediately, so it is difficult to determine whether a herd is suffering from it or not.
Average, lack of vitamin PP becomes noticeable after a few months of improper feeding of poultry.
Prior to this, the farmer may not suspect that his herd is not very healthy. However, it is pleasing that birds die from beriberi much less often than from infections and other diseases.
Vitamin deficiencies based on a lack of nicotinic acid, you need to seriously start, so that it would be fatal. This allows the poultry breeder to treat all herds and restore the lost balance of vitamins in the body of each individual.
The reasons
Avitaminosis develops due to lack of nicotinic acid in the feedwhich gets the bird.
As a rule, this disease is seasonal. Chickens most often lack vitamin PP in the winter, when they stop eating fresh feed.
Also the reason for the lack of this vitamin can be any serious infectious disease.
During this period, the body of the chicken, especially for highly productive breeds, needs an increased amount of beneficial trace elements and vitamins. As a rule, the bird does not receive the desired concentration and begins to suffer from the development of beriberi.
The more insignificant factor that can affect the content of vitamin PP in the body of a chicken is the ecological situation of the region where the chicken farm is located. Accordingly, in more polluted regions, poultry will more often suffer from a lack of vitamins.
Course and symptoms
At first, it is almost impossible to understand what a chicken suffers from and whether it suffers.
Avitaminosis never appears immediately, as the bird's body needs to “understand” that it does not receive enough nicotinic acid. Gradually, it begins to reflect on the general health of chickens.
Most often beriberi due to lack of vitamin PP exposed to young birds. They have a significant delay in development and slower growth.
Such chickens gradually lose their appetite, which depletes their bodies. Such young growth looks very thin, barely keeps on its feet.
If he begins to receive more feed, the gastrointestinal tract "refuses" to properly digest it, which causes frequent diarrhea or constipation.
Also, chickens feeling lack of nicotinic acid, do not find the strength to clean the featherstherefore they always sit in disheveled form.
White scales appear near the eyes, which then pass to the surface of the beak and to the legs of the bird. With long-term avitaminosis in young animals, the feathers on the head, back and legs stop growing.
Diagnostics
It is possible to make such a diagnosis only after taking blood for analysis from chickens. Withdrawn biological material is studied in detail in the laboratory. It is also possible to determine the disease through the study of food that birds receive.
If there is a shortage of nicotinic acid in it, then veterinarians will be able to ascertain, from which the growth of the young is observed.
Treatment
Treatment of vitamin PP deficiency is quite simple. At first, chickens completely change their diet.
In the diet injected sprouted grains, peas, corn, buckwheat, potatoes, onions, carrots. These simple ingredients complement the diet of chickens, making it more complete and useful.
However, in advanced cases of avitaminosis, when chickens begin to lose strength and muscle mass, you need to worry about treatment with medications based on this vitamin.
Usually they are added to food, but in some cases, nicotinic acid must be given to each chicken separately for better absorption in the body.
Prevention
The best prevention of beriberi is nutrition.
For feeding poultry should pick up such food, which contains all the necessary vitamins and minerals. This will help birds constantly maintain all metabolic processes in the body at the proper level.
Another method of prevention is periodic feeding of chickens. fortified supplements. They can be given to each bird separately or added to the food in a ground form.
Conclusion
Avitaminosis is fraught with many negative consequences, so you need to try to feed the poultry so that its body does not feel a lack of a particular vitamin or element.
This will help protect livestock from depletion, infectious diseases and other unpleasant manifestations of vitamin deficiencies. A well-groomed and healthy bird is the key to the success of any chicken farm.
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