The apple variety Moscow winter is widely known among industrial gardeners.
Its main advantages: pleasant taste and long storage of the torn fruits.
Apple trees of this grade bring a good harvest and will please gardeners for many years.
What kind is it?
Apple Trees belong to the autumn varieties of apples. Harvest should start collecting in late September - early October. By this time, the fruits gain optimal weight of 120 grams.
Harvesting should be carried out in stages, so that all the fruits had time to ripen. Ripe apples are well stored. The best storage place for them will be the cellar. Store apples need in wooden boxes.
Board: do not store apples in plastic bags.
Pollination
Apple trees of this variety pollinated by insects. During the period of pollination, they emit a very sweet aroma, which attracts a large number of bees.
Description varieties Moscow winter
Many gardeners believe that winter apples are exceptionally green.
These apples by their appearance prove the opposite.
Apple trees of this grade are very high. Their crown is thick, rounded. The branches are mostly horizontal.
Young shoots are not thick, brown. Leaves rather voluminous, dark green color. Leaf plate strongly wrinkled, strongly pubescent.
The edges of the plate are strongly jagged. The inflorescence is medium in size, pink.
The color of the apple is green, but as it ripens a pink blush appears. The fruits are quite large, round shape. The ribs are not pronounced.
The skin is of medium thickness, smooth to the touch. Small subcutaneous spots are visible over the entire surface of the apple.
Seeds are small, seed chambers of the closed type. The saucer is medium sized, flat. The funnel is shallow, slightly brown around the edges. The flesh is sweet and sour, dense, white.
A photo
Several photos on which you can see the appearance:
Breeding history
Apple variety Moscow Winter was obtained on the basis of Moscow State University. Mv Lomonosov in 1963. The development of a new variety engaged SI Isaev.
Apple trees of this variety were obtained on the basis of the crossing of the Welsey and Antonovka varieties. For the experiment were selected 15 trees of the mother variety age 10 years.
In the role of the father variety was made Antonovka ordinary. During hybridization, the mother variety — Welsey was twice pollinated by the father variety. Both pollinations were successful, and the breeder managed to collect seeds of a hybrid variety.
Before further planting, the seeds were stratified from February to March. Seeds were planted in harsh conditions to give a new variety of frost resistance.
Care of seedlings of the new variety was carried out according to the method of the mentor.
Natural growth region and adaptation features in other regions
The region of natural growth varieties Moscow winter - Central Russia. The variety was specially bred for growing in this region, but due to its frost resistance, it also adapts well in regions with a colder climate.
If a variety grows in drought conditions, then for its speedy adaptation, abundant watering is needed.. Since apples absorb nutrients from the soil in a dissolved form, they like loose and moist soil.
With a lack of moisture, the apple tree cannot accumulate the necessary amount of useful substances, which can lead to depletion of the apple tree.
In harsh conditions, the soil is quite poor and there are few nutrients in them. Therefore, when adapting a variety to cold conditions need to ensure regular feeding.
For the early adaptation of a young seedling, fertilizing needs to be done 2 per year. In winter, the ground around the seedling should be well folded with foliage so that the roots of the young apple tree do not freeze.
Yield
Moscow winter variety applies to high-yielding. This variety will bring the first fruits for 6 year after disembarkation. Harvest volumes are quite high; with growth in favorable conditions, about 80 kilograms of apples can be harvested from a single tree.
This variety fructifies every year, but with the age of apple trees the frequency of fruiting decreases. Mature fruit weight - 120 grams.
Harvested apples for a long time retain their characteristics. Ideal this grade is suitable for sale.
Planting and care
In order to turn your apple tree into the center of the garden, you need to regularly take care of it.
Apple varieties Moscow winter is easy enough to plant. They are unpretentious to the place of growth, but still the most suitable place for apple trees will be well lit.
Apple trees should not alternate with other fruit trees.
Seedlings of this variety are best planted in the autumn from late September to mid-October. For planting, you need to prepare pits with a width of 1 meter, and a depth of no more than 60 centimeters.
The ground in the hole must be fertilized and lightly crushed. After planting, the apple tree needs to be watered well, this will help speed up its adaptation.
Caring for an apple tree is not very difficult, but its main feature is that it must be comprehensive. Skipping at least one element of care, you immediately put your apple tree at risk.
The main consequences of improper care include the occurrence of various diseases and the invasion of pests.
Proper care should include such measures.:
- In the spring: inspection of the tree; removal of damaged branches, treatment of wounds.
- In summer: regular watering, pest management, loosening and cleaning the soil around the tree.
- In the autumn: whitewashing the trunk, fertilization.
Pests and diseases
Apple varieties Moscow winter hardly ill. They are slightly prone to scab. Due to improper care, diseases such as:
- Cytosporosis. The fight against cytosporosis should be complex. Before the buds swell, the apple tree should be sprayed with Hom, and before flowering with copper sulfate solution.
- Bacterial burn. First aid to a tree with a bacterial burn is the destruction of the lesion. The affected branches must be removed and the apple tree itself must be disinfected.
- Black cancer. When dealing with black cancer, damaged branches must be cut off, and the damaged bark removed. The wounds must be healed, and the tree must be disinfected.
Pests can destroy not only the crop, but also the apple tree itself. Basic pest control measures:
Green aphid. To destroy aphids, you need to spray the tree with an extract of tobacco or a solution of household soap.- Apple Mole. Spraying the tree with chlorophos solution can destroy this parasite.
- Sheet wrench. This insect is harmful primarily to the leaves. Only nitrophene solution can cope with it.
- Apple Blossom. To preserve flowering and ovary, the apple tree should be sprayed with a solution of Carbofos or Chlorophos.
Green aphid. To destroy aphids, you need to spray the tree with an extract of tobacco or a solution of household soap.Summing up, we can say that Moscow winter varieties of apples are ideal for industrial breeding.
This variety is very often found on store shelves, as its long shelf life and product appearance make it very profitable for sales.
