Currant is a juicy, tasty and healthy berry with a pungent aroma. There are many lovers of this berry, and it’s necessary to attend to the bushes well in advance. The most abundant crops of currant bush gives from the fourth to the eighth year of life, after it comes time to rejuvenate the bushes. There are different ways of reproduction of this culture, they are not complicated in execution.
Cuttings
For reproduction currants use both green and lignified cuttings.
White, red and black currants are very useful berries that can be prepared in the form of jam, compote or wine.
Did you know? Currant berries to XYI century called monastic berry. The monks widely used it for medicinal and nutritional purposes. And already with Xyi centuries it began to grow on the gardens.
Green
Reproduction of black currant with green cuttings in the summer occurs during the period of their active growth - this period falls on the end of June - the beginning of July. For harvesting planting material is best to choose a cloudy day, so the bush loses moisture less, and on sunny days harvesting is done in the early morning:
- To the choice of the bush, from which the blanks will occur, it is necessary to treat with great attention. Maternal bush must be completely healthy, give abundant yields and be varietal. Twigs are cut by 10-15 cm, each segment should contain at least 3 buds. The cutting is cut from the top at an angle to the kidney, and from the bottom a straight cut is made at a distance of 0.5 cm from the bud.
- The leaves are cut off from the bottom along with the stalks, the upper leaves are cut by half - this necessary procedure is done to reduce the loss of moisture.
- The resulting cuttings are planted at an angle, greatly deepening them into the ground (almost to the leaves).
- Planted material must be watered, covered with a layer of mulch, weed regularly, preventing the growth of weeds.
- After two weeks, the seedlings appear the first signs of root processes, which by the end of the summer form a strong root system, and a small compact bush will grow from the cutting. At the beginning of autumn currant bushes are transferred to a permanent place.
Important! It is not recommended to grow currants with seeds. Such plants are not able to inherit all the qualities of the variety.
Reproduction of currant cuttings in the spring in water is one of the easiest ways. Cut pieces of 2-3 pieces immersed in water in a glass so that it covers two buds. The first signs of root formation appear by the tenth day, by the time of planting on the seedling, both roots and leaves are formed on the seedling.
Planted seedlings in the ground only when the weather has settled and there will be no threat of frost returning.
Lignified
Reproduction of black currant lignified cuttings produced in the spring:
- for cutting the cuttings, the time is chosen when the buds begin to grow in size - to swell;
- a mature branch is cut off at the very base - at ground level so as not to leave penechki, and cut it into sections of 15 cm, trying to make cuts near the bud;
- the cut must be made at an angle, so it will be easier for you to stick them into the ground;
- the prepared planting material is collected in small bundles, covered with a protective layer of straw or sawdust, left to remain upright in the snow, or wrapped with bundles of cuttings with film and stored in the refrigerator;
- after the earth thaws to a depth of 20 cm, proceed to landing. Under the small inclination, the cuttings are stuck into the excavated soil at a distance of 20 cm from each other. The seedling should go to the ground before the second bud. Make sure that the seedling is firmly seated in the ground, if necessary, tamp the ground. In the autumn grown bushes are transferred to a permanent place.
To obtain a rich harvest of currants need competent care: feeding, pruning and protection from diseases and pests.
Did you know? Unripe currant berry is more useful than ripe, as it contains four times more active vitamin C.Reproduction of black currant lignified cuttings can be produced in the fall. The prepared planting material is stuck into the ground, trying to keep to an angle of 45 ° (so that the frozen earth could not push them to the surface) and at a distance of 5 cm from each other, leaving 2 buds above the ground. It is necessary to tamp the ground around the seedlings (you can compress them with your feet) so that when twitching they do not jump out of the ground.
Important! Always pay attention to the color of the wood cutting - yellow indicates that the planting material is sick. The color of a healthy seedling is whitish-green.Planting currants in the fall cuttings that prikopany in the supine position and covered with a layer of mulch, allows you to grow seedlings without further human intervention. If the cuttings successfully overwinter, then in the spring you will soon notice a young growth of plants.
Dividing bush
As a rule, this way is not abused - it is rather a forced measure to save a certain variety, transferring the bush to another bed. Sequencing:
- In early spring or late autumn, the bush is dug out. Cut out the old branches at the root, to the base, in the end result should remain only the young branches, which should be shortened to 30 cm.
- Carefully examined the roots of the plants - old and diseased to be removed.
- With a sharp ax, the bush is divided into lobes, vigilantly ensuring that each part has branches with developed buds and a root system.
Did you know? Currant leaf tea is useful for both adults and children. It improves memory, brain activity, has tonic properties.
Layering
The easiest way to currant breeds well. It lies in the fact that the branches of currants in the beginning of spring just drip ground.
Of the pests most often currants are attacked: aphid, spider mite, scale insects, moth, of diseases - powdery mildew and toe rust.
Horizontal
Healthy and strong annual shoots are placed in grooves five centimeters deep, securing the branch with staples. When the shoots reach a height of 10 cm, the grooves are covered with earth.
The tops of the shoots are cut to the first bud, in this simple way they arouse a large number of buds. In order for the root system to develop well at the shoot, it is necessary to spud the sprout with earth to a height of 5 cm, after some time (as the germ grows) this procedure should be repeated, do not forget about soil moistening.
In the second half of October, the layers with the saplings obtained will be carefully dug out. Using a pruner or a sharp knife, they are separated from the branch. The strongest seedlings are immediately transferred to a permanent place, the weaker ones are grown in a greenhouse (nursery).
Arc
This method is used when there is no need for harvesting a large amount of planting material. From one layer, one new bush is obtained.
At a distance of 40 cm, a hole is dug up from the mother bush with a depth of up to 20 cm. The selected healthy currant sprout is bent by an arc to a crunch, placed in a hole and secured in it with staples. The pinned tip of the shoot is covered with fertile soil.
For better rooting of cuttings or cuttings, it is recommended to use soil mixtures, which can be purchased in specialized stores, and mix by yourself:
- mix in equal parts peat and sand;
- mix in equal parts peat and old sawdust;
- part of sod land and three parts of rotted sawdust (linden, alder, aspen).
Currant propagation is carried out in various ways, and this process cannot be called complex. Be guided by one rule: the chosen shoot for breeding must be strong and healthy - this is the key to obtaining strong seedlings, which will later produce a bountiful harvest.
