Elm, or elm - a large deciduous tree with a thick crown, It looks beautiful, gives a good shade and is easily pruned, therefore it is an active participant in the landscaping of cities and villages. It can be found on the streets, in parks, along roads and in forest plantations. The name "elm" originates from the ancient Celts, who called this tree "elm". The Russian name "elm" comes from the word "knit", as previously its bast was used to knit sleds, rims and other products. Some of its species are called elm, birch bark, elm, ilmovik.
Ragweed
This type of elm (in the photo tree and leaves) is found in Europe, Central Asia, Africa in the Caucasus. Deciduous tree that likes well-lit places, although growing in the shade. The maximum height is 20-25 m, and the diameter of the crown is 10 m.
Elms grow rapidly and tolerate pruning well. In this regard, it can be used as a hedge. Also, the tree looks beautiful on a beautiful lawn, or in combination with apple trees, felt cherries, bird cherry and mountain ash.
On dark brown branches there are cork growths. The leaves are large, peaked, smooth from above, and bottom-hairy. In the summer the foliage is dark green, and in the fall it is bright yellow. Small flowers, collected in bunches, bloom until the leaves appear. Fruits-nuts inside the membranous lionfish.
It tolerates cold winters and droughts. In favorable conditions can live 300 years. Rabbit Elm is good for health. It has diuretic, antimicrobial, diuretic and astringent properties. Bark inhibits cholesterol absorption. A decoction of it treats burns and skin diseases.
Important! Elm grabber loves nutritious, moist soil. Therefore, for active growth, it must be watered and fertilized, for example, with lime, which has a good effect on the tree.
Smooth
Elm smooth is also called elm ordinary or large-leaved. It grows throughout Europe. Him height - 25 m (sometimes 40 m), diameter of the wide crown - 10-20 m. The trunk of the tree is straight and thick, up to 1.5 m in diameter. The bark of young shoots is smooth, in adults it is coarse, thick and exfoliates thin plates. The leaves are rather large (12 cm), ovoid, pointed, dark green above and light green below.
In autumn, the foliage acquires a brownish-purple color. The flowers are small, brown with purple stamens. The fruit is a round lionfish with cilia along the edges.
Did you know? The wood of the elm does not rot in the water, so in the Middle Ages in Europe water pipes were made of its trunks. Also from this tree were made supports of the first London Bridge.
Elm smooth has a strong root system. Perennial trees form a kind of support: plank roots 30-50 cm high at the base of the trunk. Grows fast and lives 200-300 years (sometimes 400 years). Drought resistant, but loves wet soil. Easily tolerates short-term flooding.
Hardwood elm wood is dense, strong and easy to process. From it make furniture, rifle butts and other products. Previously, smooth elm bark was used for tanning leather, and phloem for weaving ropes, mats and making washcloths. Useful substances that contain elm smooth, give it healing properties: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, astringent and diuretic.
Important! In cities, common elm is indispensable, because there is more dust on its leaves than on other urban trees. It is planted to protect and strengthen beams and ravines.
Androsova
This type of elm is not found in nature. It is artificially bred and is a hybrid of squat and thick elm. The height of an adult tree is 20 m. Its crown is tent-shaped and gives a thick shadow. The bark is gray. The leaves are egg-shaped, pointed.
It grows on moderately wet soil, easily withstands dryness. The ability to give side shoots makes the tree a good dust collector. Therefore, it is actively used for urban plantings. The plant is easy to form and looks very beautiful, which made it popular in landscape design.
An elm crown can serve as a "roof" for shade-loving perennials - aconite, bells, buzulnik, aquilegia, rogers, host, fern, astilbe. From shrubs can plant honeysuckle.
Thick
In the wild environment is rare. Grows in Central Asia. This tall tree grows up to 30 m. It has a wide pyramidal crown, which gives a thick shadow. The bark on the young branches is yellow-brown or gray, on the old - dark. The leaves are small, 5-7 cm in length, leathery, egg-shaped.
Thick elm - a plant unpretentious, frost-resistant, easily tolerates drought, although it loves moist soil. Gas resistance helps him to feel great in the conditions of urban smog.
Bladed
Other names - elm split, or mountain. Distributed in East Asia, the Far East, Japan and China. It grows in deciduous and mixed forests. It can be found in mountain forests at an altitude of 700-2200 m above sea level. Tree growth - 27 m.
The color of the bark is gray and gray-brown. Crown shape - wide, cylindrical, rounded. The leaves are large, pointed at the top, sometimes with 3-5 pointed lobes. The plant tolerates shade, frost, strong wind and urban smoke.
Antagonistic
The second name is karagach peristovetvisty. In nature, it is found in Kazakhstan, in the Far East, in Central and East Asia. It grows on mountain slopes, gravel, sand. Loves a lot of sun. May live more than 100 years. Height - 15-25 m. The crown is spreading, but does not give a shadow.
Small leaves are arranged in 2 rows and create the impression of large feathery leaves, which gave the name to the species. Winter hardy plant, free withstands drought and adapts to any soil. It grows rapidly, but reaches its maximum growth only in its natural environment: in the south, on wet soils. Easily endures urban conditions - asphalting, dust, smog. It is amenable to pruning and is popular in park construction.
David
David's elm is a shrub or tree whose height is 15 m. The leaves are sharp, ovate, 10 cm long and 5 cm wide. The fruit is a yellow-brown lionfish. A known species is the Japanese elm. It is popular in Russia, Mongolia, China, Japan and the Korean Peninsula.
Did you know? Long-lived elm tree, which is more than 800 years old, grows in Korea.
Small
This species has many names - elm, bark, karaich, cork elm, red elm, elm (tree in the photo). Territory of distribution: Ukraine, Russia, Asia Minor, Western Europe. It lives in deciduous and mixed forests, on river banks and high in the mountains.
The height of the tree ranges from 10 to 30 m. The crown is low. The leaves are oblong, obovate. Lifespan up to 400 years. Karagach loves sunlit places, easily endures drought, but not frost. Distinctive feature - the tree forms a wide net of surface roots.
Thus, the topsoil is strengthened and reduced risk of erosion. Therefore, the field elm is often used not only for urban greening, but also for forest shelter plantations. Cork growths are often found on the branches, which increases the value of wood as a building material.
Learn the subtleties of growing other ornamental trees: Norway holly, plane tree, red oak, catalpa, strawberry tree, red maple.
Large fruit
Ilm large-fruited lives in Eastern Russia, Mongolia, China and the Korean Peninsula. It grows usually in river valleys, on wooded and rocky slopes. It is a shrub or small tree, whose maximum height is 11 m, with a large spreading crown. The bark is gray, brown or yellowish. The leaves are large, shiny, rough on top, and smooth from below.
The tree owes its name to its fruits, the large hairy lionfish that adorn it. Very thermophilic plant. This species of elm differs from its relatives in extreme drought resistance. Therefore, it is actively used to consolidate the soil of quarries, embankments and rocky slopes.
Rough
Elm rough, or mountain elm, is common in the northern hemisphere: Europe, North America, Asia. It grows in deciduous and mixed forests. The height of the elm is 30-40 m. The crown is round, wide and thick. The bark is smooth, dark brown. Large leaves (17 cm), ovoid, with sharp toothed edges. From above they are rough, and from below - rigid-hairy.
It grows fast, lives up to 400 years. The soil is very demanding: loves fertile and moist, but does not tolerate saline. Elm freely tolerates frost, drought and city life. Wood is very hard and durable. They make furniture, interior decoration materials and agricultural equipment out of it.
Did you know? Elm rough is not afraid of extreme conditions: in Norway it can be found outside the Arctic Circle, and in the Caucasus - in the mountains at an altitude of 1400 m.
American
From the name it is clear that the birthplace of this species is North America, where it is distributed. In Europe, this elm was introduced in the XVIII century, but did not become popular, as the native species have more valuable characteristics.
American Ilm grows in forests along river banks, but can be found in dry places. Plant height - 20-30 m, sometimes 40 m. The crown is wide, cylindrical. The bark is light gray in scales. The leaves are elongated, egg-shaped, 5-10 cm in length. Good weathering frost. Life expectancy is 200 years.
Such a variety of species of elm with different characteristics allows you to choose exactly the tree that is suitable for your backyard.
