THE BEST WAYS OF GRAFTING FRUIT TREES IN THE SPRING

Grafting fruit trees and fruit varieties is a combination of cuttings or buds of one species with another for subsequent splicing. This method is quite often used in gardening. In the article we will tell you exactly how to carry out this procedure.

General rules for grafting fruit in spring

Before proceeding to the procedure, you must carefully read the recommendations and its features. On how correctly the event will be implemented, the further growth and fruiting of the tree depends.

Important! It is necessary to inoculate very quickly, as cuts are exposed to external factors, such as frost, sun rays, wind. They reduce the chances of a successful outcome of the event.

To learn how to plant trees, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the general rules of procedure:

A positive result is possible only when healthy trees that have an annual growth are planted.
Usually more than one variety is not grafted onto one stock, but in rare cases, if necessary, high-growth varieties are grafted to the lower part of the crown, and those that grow weakly to the upper part of the crown.
Only varieties that have one maturity can be grafted onto one tree. If this period is different, there is a possibility that fruiting will not occur at all, or there will be no crop of the species, which ripens later.
Grafting trees in May is carried out exclusively on those branches or shoots that are well developed and located closer to the trunk, but not less than 20 cm from it. At the end of the branch, vaccinations are prohibited.
Cutting cuttings is recommended in December, until the time of severe frosts. They are stored in the refrigerator or wrapped in film and buried in a snowdrift of snow located on the north side of the house so that the sun does not fall on it and it does not melt. If a tinting of a pear or an apple tree is planned, a basement will be suitable for storing their graft: bury them in sawdust or sand, this will save them from mice. Frost-resistant varieties are recommended to cut in early spring, before buds begin to swell. Choose thicker cuttings and be sure to tag them with special tags.
Did you know? Grafting fruit trees - rather ancient procedure. For the first time it began to implement five thousand years ago. This is indicated by many historical facts.
When using short cuttings having from one to three buds, the next year you can get a rich increase. But cuttings that have a greater length and a greater number of buds, will begin to bear fruit earlier.

Depending on the type of fruit, there are certain periods when grafting is done in the spring. First of all, this procedure is performed with stone-seed cultures. If there is no severe frost, you can start the vaccination at the end of February. Seed fruit trees are best planted a little later - in late April - early May. It is recommended to choose a day so that it is overcast, but there was no strong wind and precipitation. It is mandatory to disinfect the fixture and tool for grafting fruit trees before carrying out the procedure.
When grafting fruit trees and shrubs, a graft pruner is also used.
It is very important to properly care for the plants after the event. In a certain period, it is necessary to remove the insulation, spray insecticides to protect the trees from pests. It is also recommended to regularly water and feed trees. With too much growth, it is shortened by a third in June.
After the tinting of cherries or other trees is completed, the grafting site is carefully fixed and isolated. It should not get moisture and dirt. You can wrap this place with plastic and tie it in two places. If the procedure is carried out behind the bark, the end of the stock is closed with clay, and after the cutting has taken root, it is removed.
It is important to know not only when it is possible to plant trees, but also at what time the harness is removed. Typically, this procedure is carried out in mid-July, but if you notice that the escape is growing very quickly, you should tie the strapping again.

Important! When doing budding, it is better not to inoculate on the south side of the tree, since the sun's rays will adversely affect it, overdrying the junction.

Usually the very next year after the inoculation, the branches begin to bloom. But do not allow their fruiting - it will weaken them. It is recommended to perform the removal of entangled fruit. If desired, leave a few fruits to understand what kind of variety.

Remember that cuttings of fruit trees require special care, so it is very important to give them attention and care if you want to achieve positive results of your work.

Classification of vaccinations by type of graft

There are several methods that can be used for grafting fruit trees. Before proceeding with this procedure, it is worthwhile to find out which method is better suited, examine all its advantages and disadvantages, and only then carry out the inoculation of garden trees.

Budding

Budding - One of the most common ways of grafting plants. It attracts attention with its efficiency and low time costs. It is worth starting to do budding immediately after the bark began to peel off. It is necessary to do the preparation: on the crown, about seven branches are left, directed in different directions, up to 1 cm thick, from the bottom of the branch are cut. For budding, it is better to choose shoots up to one year old with strong wood and formed buds.

Budding trees is performed in the following sequence:

First of all, free the stock from weeds, complete its hilling.
Then the flap is made. To do this, you need to cut a healthy kidney, which is located in the center of the cutting.
In the next step, select a smooth area on the bark and wipe it with a cloth.
On the bark it is necessary to make a T-shaped incision and insert a shield into it.
At the final stage, wrap the vaccinated area with a film to speed up the engraftment process.

Did you know? Among the hundreds of varieties of cherries, only a few can be effectively used in the grafting procedure.

Grafting plants with this method is quite simple, if you follow the sequence of actions. Manipulations using this method are recommended in July.

Copulation

This method is used if the stock and graft are of the same thickness and relatively thin. It consists in oblique incision of both branches, and this incision should have one angle and the same length - about 4 cm. Then the cuts are connected and a tight winding is applied, fixing two branches. Fruit trees usually copulate in April. Sometimes a more advanced method is used - vaccination with a tongue. Since with this method, the cuts fit more closely to each other, they, accordingly, take root better. The method consists in the implementation of small splits resembling tongues.

Then they are combined in such a way that the tongues come over each other. To secure the procedure, it is necessary to put a tight bandage on the junction.

You will surely be interested in reading about grafting apples, pears and grapes.

Ablation

It is a fairly simple method of vaccination, but today it is rarely used. It consists in splicing adjacent branches by attaching them to each other. We offer you to read the step-by-step instruction:

The bark is removed from the graft and rootstock, after which identical cuts are made on the same level.
After this, the branches are applied to each other. Make sure that the cambial slices of the slices coincide as much as possible.
At the next stage, it is necessary to wrap the junction with a special material and cover it with clay.
Near the site of vaccination is usually located branch of the mother plant. It should be tied with wire.

Important! Each type of vaccination must be performed with a specially designed tool. Use copulation and abutment knives - this will help to achieve a positive result.

You can start holding events from May to September.

How to plant fruit trees in the spring, grafting methods

Today, various methods of grafting fruit trees are used. We offer to get acquainted with the main ones.

Graft Splitting (Split)

This method is usually used in the period when the kidneys begin to swell. It consists in performing the following manipulations:

The size of the cross section of the stock should be larger than the cutting. The tree is cut at a distance of 5 cm from the ground. The cut is cracked and a gap is made in it.
Then you need to prepare the cutting: count two buds, make the bottom of the hangers. The size of each will be 25% of the total diameter. A little lower it is also worth making two cuts in such a way that a wedge is formed as a result.
At the next stage - insert the cutting into the slot. The cuts should fit snugly together.
Then fix the structure: put a bandage around the circle, and place the cut on the cut.

This is the most common method, but there are other ways how to vaccinate fruit trees in the spring, which we describe below.

Graft bark (and graft bark graft)

The main disadvantage of this method is the unstable position of the cutting in the first year, which often leads to its damage.

When using this method, a vertical cut is made in the bark, its length should be no more than 5 cm, after which it is necessary to bend the bark. Cut the cutting at an angle and insert it into the pocket of the bark.

Side-Grafting

If you plan to use this method, you need to retreat from the ground about 15 cm and incise the bark near the root collar, going down to 1/3 of the thickness of the branch. After that, two oblique cuts are made on the handle from different sides.

Insert the cutting into the incision on the branch so that their sections are adjacent to each other. Apply a spiral bandage.

Inoculating a saddle over the bark

This method includes the following steps:

At a distance of about 5 cm from the ground cut fruit.
On the formed stump, an incision of the bark is made approximately 2.5 cm.
Two buds fall back on the handle, cut the shoulder and make a wedge-shaped cut down from it.
The cutting is inserted into the incision of the bark so that it rests against the cut of the tree.
At the final stage it is necessary to put a tight bandage on the cut and treat it with a twist.