Apple variety "Sinap Orlovsky" Gardeners are very appreciated not only for their excellent taste, presentation of fruits, long shelf life, but also for the beauty of flowering trees.
The history of apple breeding varieties "Sinap Orlovsky"
The apple variety "Sinap Orlovsky" was bred in 1955 by the All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops. There was a crossing of apple trees of the "Michurin Memory" and "Northern Synapse" varieties. Worked on the creation of varieties: N. G. Krasova, V. K. Zaets, E. N. Sedov, T. A. Trofimova. 
Characteristic
The grade is popular both in industrial gardens, and in private. Apple fruits are famous for their high biological value and excellent organoleptic properties.
It is also interesting to read about the most common varieties of apples: "Bogatyr", "Orlik", "Welsey", "Spartan", "Dream", "Melba", "White filling", "Candy", "Mantet", "Antonovka and Sunrise "and" Semerenko ".
Tree description
Apple trees "Sinap Orlovsky" have a description of how trees with quite large in size and size.
They have a wide crown and massive branches. The main branches of the crown are rare - this greatly facilitates the care of trees and ensures the collection of high-quality crops. But despite this, the apple tree requires periodic pruning. The main branches grow at a right angle, the branches are directed upwards. The bark of apple trees is rough and gray. The shoots of the plant are dark brown in color, with wide, large leaves, which are characterized by a rare arrangement and dark green color. Blooming large buds of light pink color.
Fruit Description
Apple fruits are large, oblong, with a strong, shiny, oily surface. The color of the fruit of the apple tree "Sinap Orlovsky" is yellow-green during the harvest period, and golden-yellow during the ripening period. The seeds of the fruit are brown, small.
Did you know? According to the tasting scale, the average assessment of the taste of fruits of this particular variety is 4.7 points.The flesh of a pale greenish-cream color is distinguished by juiciness, delicate aroma, sour-sweet taste.
The advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The variety has the following advantages:
- winter hardiness;
- precociousness;
- high yield;
- high quality fruit;
- long shelf life of fruits, without losing taste and appearance.
Did you know? "Sinap "is a common name for the entire group of varieties of Crimean apple trees.
Grade Disadvantages:- large apple trees Sinap Orlovsky, which is a problem when grown in small areas;
- prone to bitterness (if there is a shortage of calcium in the soil);
- fruiting after planting occurs in the fourth year;
- moderately resists pests, diseases and scab.
Terms and area for growing
Given that over time, the sapling grows large enough, you need to find a suitable spacious place for planting. The distance from one tree to another must be at least 7 meters. Apple tree will feel good in the sun, but can be planted in partial shade. If there is a lack of light, it is possible to decrease the yield of the tree and the sugar content of the fruit.
For normal development, it is better to plant an apple tree:
- on leached chernozem;
- loamy and sandy soils;
- With annual fertilization, an apple tree can be planted on sandy soil.
The time suitable for planting the Orlovsky Synaph apple variety is considered the middle of September is the middle of October. But you can also land in the spring, then the landing begins in the first half of April.
Step-by-step process of planting seedlings
Planting should take place with the consideration that the seedling is growing rapidly. The tree needs a sufficiently lit place and a large space, so it must be planted away from tall trees.
Important! In spring, planting should be carried out when there is no threat of frost, otherwise the seedlings may die.The main conditions for planting an apple tree Sinap Orlovsky are:
- The depth of the pit should be at least 80 cm. The required width and length of the hole should be 1 meter.
- Holes must be made 14 days before planting.
- To loosen the bottom of the pit with a rake.
- Provide additional drainage with expanded clay or pieces of brick. They need to pour to the bottom of the hole.
- The earth is mixed with wood ash and manure. The ratio of land and fertilizer should be 4: 1.
- In the finished mixture should be added potassium sulfate - 40 g and superphosphate - 80 g.
- The whole mixture is thoroughly mixed and filled into the well. After this action, the hole should be filled to 1/3.
- Then you need to fill the ground in the center of the hole, forming a hill of 20 cm.
- Inspect the roots of the apple tree "Sinap Orlovsky" before planting. Remove dry and damaged roots. Put the seedling in water for 5 hours - this will favorably affect the growth and survival of the tree.
- Place the seedling in the pit so that the root neck is at least 6 cm away from the ground.
- It is necessary to place a support near the tree, to which the sapling should be tied.
- Then straighten the roots and evenly cover the ground, not much tamping.
- Then pour the seedling with water. This will require up to three buckets of water.
Horse, rabbit, cow, pork and sheep manure can be used as fertilizers for apple trees.
Seasonal care features
Despite the fact that "Sinap Orlovsky" is an unpretentious variety of apple trees, it needs additional care. When intensive growth of a tree begins, it is necessary to do cutting of branches.
Pollination of the apple tree
This apple variety is self-fertile. A consistently high yield is ensured regardless of climatic and weather conditions. If there are apple trees of other varieties nearby, this will only increase the yield of this variety.
Spraying against pests and diseases
To defeats with powdery mildew and scab "Sinap Orlovsky" has medium stability.
Mealy dew is a fungal disease. It is manifested by the appearance of white bloom (fungus) on the leaves. It is advisable to prevent infection and spreading of powdery mildew, otherwise it will completely absorb the tree. Colloidal sulfur and copper compounds are used to prevent and destroy this type of fungus. It is also necessary to destroy the affected parts of the tree. The pruning places are covered with chalk in young plants, lime mortar - in adults.
Scab - a type of fungus that appears due to high humidity or air stagnation in the tree crown. The first scab infects the leaves, and then the fruit. Signs of infection are: the appearance of green-brown spots on the leaves, and soon on the fruits. Preventing the appearance of scab fungi - disinfection and fertilization of the soil.
The Orlovsky Synaph apple variety is also susceptible to a disease called bitter armpit. The reason for the development of this disease can be high humidity, late harvest, improper storage of fruits, low calcium content in the soil, as well as excess nitrogen fertilizers. The disease manifests itself in the form of depressed dark brown spots and can affect the fetus both on the tree and during storage. For prevention, the plant is sprayed during the growing season with calcium chloride. To prevent infection, it is necessary to harvest in time and store the fruit properly.
Watering rules
To preserve the yield of apple trees, "Sinap Orlovsky" it is necessary to ensure proper watering. In summer and spring, trees are watered at least 1 time per week. One tree requires up to 3 buckets of water. For the uniform distribution of moisture need to break through the soil after watering.
Fertilization
Apple tree "Sinap Orlovsky" requires fertilization not only during planting, but also during the care of the plant.
Trees are fertilized four times a year:
- at the end of the winter period;
- upon completion of kidney formation;
- after flowering;
- when harvested.
Apple fertilizer rules:
- After planting, the tree is fertilized next spring with a mixture of manure and soil at a ratio of 700 g per 1 bucket.
- With the advent of buds, urea crumbles into the tree near the trunk, and the soil is dug up.
- After a flowering period, the tree is fertilized with a fertile solution. It consists of (per 10 liters of water): urea - 60 g, superphosphate - 100 g, calcium - 40 g.
- When the crop is harvested, the apple tree Sinap Orlovsky is fertilized with a solution of superphosphate: 10 liters of water plus 40 g of superphosphate.
Cropping and crown formation
When active growth begins, the branches on young trees need to be cut. At the end of the year, only a third of the branches should be cut. Pruning of young trees is 20-25 cm. At the end of the year pruning is carried out in such a way that the branches in three tiers remain. In the future, the tree is cut, so that only one conductor remains. Pruning of mature apple trees is carried out at 40-45 cm. Be sure to remove damaged and dry branches.
Protection against mice and hares
In the period from November to December, care must be taken to protect the apple trees from mice and rabbits. They gnaw the bark of a tree, leaving the trunk almost naked, which is the cause of the death of the tree.
Pest Control Techniques:
- The fence of the trunk of a fine metal wire mesh. A net with a height of 120 cm is suitable, it is better to bury it in the ground by 30 cm. Before the frost, you can wrap the barrel with roofing felt, burlap or polyethylene. An equally effective way would be to wrap the trunk with fir branches.
- The use of deterring agents can also help in solving this problem. You can hang plastic bags on the lower branches; cut the ribbons from the cans, twist them in a spiral and hang them on the lower branches so that they create noise by hitting each other. You can also hang bottles with holes in which to put naphthalene - it will scare off rodents.
Harvesting and storage
Apple Tree "Sinap Orlovsky" has the yield of an adult tree up to 200 kg of fruit. The period of removable ripeness for fruits of this variety of apples is the end of September. The fruits are characterized by excellent preservation until the end of spring, because it is a winter variety of apples.
Important! It is not recommended to harvest before the period, it can lead to a decrease in shelf life and deterioration of taste.Apples need to be stored in wooden boxes in a dry cool room. The fruits are wrapped with paper or sprinkled with wood chips.
Summing up, it should be said that the Sinap Orlovsky apple variety produces a high-quality and large crop with little effort. Following the tips, you can grow a healthy tree that will decorate your garden, and the fruits will delight you with excellent taste and a wonderful view.
