One of the most popular and sought-after varieties of pears is the "Muscovite". This unpretentious fruit tree brings quite large yields of pears and does not require special care.
Did you know? Pear "Muscovite" was bred by free pollination of seedlings of "Kieffer" variety. It was she who became the most popular variety of pears in the Moscow region.
Pear "Muscovite", general information
Pear "Muscovite" has the following description:
- These are low fruit trees with a funnel-shaped crown. Adult fertile plants have a conical shape with a dense crown.
- The leaves are small, oval in size and have a notch at the edges. Leaf without edge, smooth, bent in the center.
- Flowers in the form of a bowl, white. In racemes inflorescences there are 5-7 flowers.
- Fruits have a mass of up to 135 grams, yellow-green color. The flesh of the pear is dense, very juicy, has a pleasant taste and a bright fruity aroma.
- Fruits can be stored for a long time and still have a presentation. They are used to make jams, compotes, jams, marmalade, dried fruits, etc.
Variety pears "Muscovite" has high yields, even in adverse conditions. From one tree the crop reaches 50 kg. Pears bear fruit already at 4-5 years after planting, and the fruits ripen in late August or in the middle of September. Ripe fruits are not showered with trees. For long storage, it is best to harvest until signs of maturity appear. Then, the pears will ripen gradually and longer stored in the conditions of the room.Pear planting technology
In order for the "Moskvichka" pear to take root and abundantly bear fruit, its planting and care must be correct and measured. Pear planted in autumn (early October) or spring (April-May), and it is better to choose a place near pollinator varieties ("Lada", "Marble", "Elegant Efimova", "Moscow Bergamot", "Lyubimitsa Yakovleva").
Choosing a landing site
The place should be flat, dry and well lit. It depends on the amount of light taste: the more light, the better the taste. Pear does not tolerate stagnant moisture in the soil. Make sure that the groundwater lies at a depth of not less than 2.5 meters, otherwise the tree may die. This pear variety grows well on sandy-chernozem or loamy lands, with an acidity of about 5.6-6.0.
Important!Do not plant a pear in clay soil, and if the other is not, then make a landing pit with suitable land.
Landing pattern
In order for the tree to settle down and normally adapt to the new conditions, you should know how to plant the Moskvichka pear correctly. Therefore it is necessary to consider the following points: 
- a pit for planting is prepared two weeks before the immediate landing;
- for planting seedlings in the spring, you need to prepare the pit in the fall;
- pit depth - 1-1.2 meters, diameter - 80 centimeters;
- the chosen place is filled with fertile soil.
- fill the pit with cooked soil and cover with dolomite flour (10 liters);
- Pour two buckets of water and leave the pit for 14 days or until spring.
- soak the roots of seedlings in the water for the ships for planting;
- cut branches;
- hammer a peg into the central part of the pit (50 cm);
- put a mound of earth near the peg and place a seedling in it;
- evenly straighten the roots;
- fill the pit with seedling with no fertilizer;
- Make sure that the measles neck is 5-7 cm above the ground;
- tamp the earth gently and pour 3 buckets of water into the pit;
- mulch the soil around the seedling with humus;
- tie the seedling to the peg.
After planting, make sure that the ground around the seedling does not dry out. Do not forget to loosen the soil to a depth of 15 cm. In time, remove weeds around the pear - this will help avoid the appearance of diseases and pests.How to water a pear
Although pear "Moskvich" and unpretentious fruit tree, but still requires some care. Cultivating the cultivation of pears "Muscovite" gardeners often wonder: "How to water the tree so it is better bearing fruit?". There is nothing complicated about it. Young trees should be watered once a week, in the morning and in the evening. About 10 liters of water are consumed per tree. At the same time, the soil moisture should reach 50-60 cm in depth.
When a pear bears fruit, watering is carried out from the beginning of July until the end of August, and its regime depends largely on the weather. In September, the introduction of fluid completely stopped.
Fertilizer pear "Muscovite"
Important!Pear fertilization after flowering is mandatory to improve the quality and quantity of the crop.You can feed the pear from the next year after planting the seedling. In the spring, trees are fertilized with ammonium nitrate (20 grams per 1 square meter). Every three years, do not forget to make organic fertilizers - superphosphate (50 grams per square meter), compost (half a bucket for each tree), potassium sulphate (20 grams per square meter). It is best to fertilize trees in the fall, then nutrients are better absorbed.
Rules for cutting "Muscovites"
Pear "Muscovite" requires seasonal pruning for maximum clarification of the crown and its formation. Pruning can begin at the age of two, and its main task is thinning and shortening the branches.
Pear Pruning
Cut the pear in early spring or late autumn, which helps to create the strongest possible skeleton of a fruit tree that will withstand the weight of the future harvest. It is best to make a longline pruning. At the same time, it is necessary to cut the branches so that the skeletal branches are arranged in the form of tiers at a distance of 40-50 cm. Up to 4 branches will be located on each tier. First of all, you need to cut the shoots coming from the trunk, then the branches that grow parallel to the trunk in the vertical direction. Do not leave hemp, but do not grab excess fabric. Deep damage will heal for a very long time. Thus, with proper pruning, the tree will become stronger and be able to cope with the load of the new crop.
Pruning seedlings
When planting seedlings, branches are pruned to a third of their length. This is done so that they can quickly form a crown.
The young pear is shortened to the level of 50-60 cm from the ground. This stimulates the growth of new shoots and buds.
In a two-year-old tree, the trunk is cut to length. Thus, 4-5 lateral shoots should remain on the main part, at an angle of 45 ° relative to the stem. Be sure to cut the curves and growing inward branches, but do not remove more than 25% of the total number of branches, it can adversely affect the growth of the tree.
Harvesting and preserving fruits
If the place for the "Moskvichka" pear variety was correctly chosen, and the planting itself and the subsequent care for cultivation were carried out in compliance with all requirements, then the harvest will be quite high.
You can collect the fruit from the beginning of September until the end of the month, and to make sure of their ripeness, pay attention to the yellowing of the skin. If it has already begun to turn yellow, then it is time to harvest.
It is best to harvest fruit before lunch, because as the temperature rises, they gradually heat up and can be stored worse. When harvested, the fruit is wrapped around the fingers and set aside, so that the stalk remains on the torn pear. Never shake pears from a tree, otherwise they will beat and cannot be stored.
Did you know?If you break the branches at harvest, then next year the tree will bear less fruit, since all its energy and strength will be used for restoration.
The longest of all "Muscovite" pears are stored at 0 ° C. They do not lose their presentation and taste 2 - 2.5 months after harvest. At room temperature, fruits can be stored no more than two weeks.Thus, the pear variety "Muscovite" is one of the most popular among gardeners, not only the suburbs but also other regions. It is isolated as one of the most unpretentious and fruitful. It is resistant to diseases and pests, and the fruits are stored for a long time and have good taste. With proper planting and care for the pear, it will delight you with tasty fruits that are suitable for preparations for the winter, and for various dishes and drinks.
