With the onset of autumn in the grape season ends vegetation.
Winegrowers have reaped the harvest, and it seems that all garden work on this ceases.
The plant begins to rest.
But, for a good rest of the grapes, full recovery of their strength, in order to have a better crop next year, you need to take care of its fertilizing today.
This is perhaps the most effective way to saturate the plant with the most useful elements.
Reference Information. A few words about the terminology used by the growers
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When the grapes are planted, of course, nutrients are added. So, the reserve will last for 3-4 years, no more. By this time, the grapes are formed and begins to bear fruit, the need to strengthen the grape bush increases. Those fertilizers that are made further depending on the time of their addition, and the amount of the substance used are divided into basic and feeding.
• BASIC - organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers are applied comprehensively once in 2-3 years; or fall, or early spring.
• FOOD FOOD - small compared with the main fertilizer doses are made to tighten the nutritional conditions of the grape bush annually.
Fans of growing grapes, according to the type of fertilizer, divide the feeding into two types - root and foliar.
It is also interesting to read about the fertilizer grapes in autumn
Root dressing
Root feeding implies the introduction of fertility vitamins under the roots of grapes. Fertilizers brought under the bush, contribute to the improvement of the circular circulation of life-giving elements. The result will not make you wait, as early as next year the grapes will delight with their excellent harvest. Carry out root feed in the autumn period in several ways.
It is worth remembering that the root top dressing is brought in only with irrigation in a pit, the depth of which is equal to the main depth, where the main roots are located. Then the plant is watered again. Fertilizers are applied clearly, as described in the instructions. And beginners in the grape business need to adhere to certain recommendations of more experienced gardeners.
For root feeding use such types of fertilizers, as:
1. Organic.
2. Nitrogen.
3. Mineral.
Organic root dressing
One of the most effective ways of root feeding is the introduction of humus, manure or compost into the ground. Such a procedure should be carried out once every 3 years. Humus is put in pre-cooked holes between the rows.
You can make any organic fertilization. Wines and grapes, and winemaking waste, and manure, and compost. Sometimes organic matter is mixed with fertilizers containing phosphorus or complete phosphorus and potassium. To improve the quality of added tomasshlak, phosphate flour. The only disadvantage of such dressing is that manure and other organic materials give a start to the active growth of weeds, which, in turn, need timely removal.
Top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers
It includes making under the roots:
1. Potassium sulphate;
2. Ammonium nitrate;
3. Synthetic urea;
4. Ashes.
As root dressing fertilization is often used in the composition, which includes potassium sulphate. It is widely used on soils with increased alkaline reaction.
In addition to potassium sulfate practice use ammonium nitrate. These large salt crystals are often white, but sometimes they are yellowish in color. Such feeding gives productive results.
Ash contains a lot of potassium and a small percentage of phosphorus. It is free, since it is obtained by burning various plants, leaves, and stems. Grapes digested almost 100 percent. Ash is stored away from moisture and water.
Another type of nitrogen fertilization is the introduction of grapes synthetic urea. It is used very rarely. It reduces the growth rate in plants. It is better to use liquid nitrogen-containing fertilizers, ammonia, ammonia water and others, which are stored in plastic cans.
Root top dressing by mineral fertilizers
Mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil that needs it. Their number depends on its exhaustion. Winegrowers use mainly ammonium sulfate, potassium salt and superphosphate. It pours under a bush, and the grapes are then poured over with water. Potassium salt is also added. It is used on all types of soil. Together with her, for the best result, potassium sulphate is also boiled under the roots.
As a root dressing, wood ash can be used. It contains a lot of potassium and phosphorus.
Timing
And when to make root dressing of grapes? Gardeners insist on contributing no later than October, as the plant must have time to assimilate all the useful elements before the onset of frost.
Foliar top dressing
In addition to root dressing, foliar dressing should be used for grapes. It is carried out to accelerate the ripening of vines in grapes. After applying foliar application, grapes easily tolerate winter.
But, what is top dressing? How and what to feed grapes? Many people know that grapes receive life-giving elements through the roots, but useful substances can also come to it through the leaves. It is through the leaves that food comes in full, and it is absorbed faster.
Foliar top dressing - This is the sprinkling of grape leaves with useful substances.
The grapes then grow better, develop excellent, pleases with rich harvests, tolerate winter frosts easily. In addition to foliar nutrition, it is desirable to simultaneously sprinkle grapes against diseases such as mildew and oidium.
For work, you should choose quiet days without wind, to start work in the morning or in the evening. It is recommended to conduct foliar feeding in autumn, as the probability of sunburn by the plant decreases. Acceptable air temperature is 18-22 degrees. At temperatures below or above the permissible plant suffers from water deficiency, and even so the batteries it needs are almost not absorbed.
Foliar top dressing of grapes is carried out in several ways: grapes can be sprayed with a prepared solution of superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, iron or potassium salt.
Extra root feeding of grapes by mineral fertilizer
Excellent results give:
1. Superphosphate;
2. Ash;
3. Potassium salt;
4. Manganese.
It must be remembered that the solution of the superphosphate prepared in a day, and then it is drained. Also the solutions consisting of micro and micro fertilizers are suitable. An excellent option is the ash, which is diluted in water. Manganese is also used for foliar application of life-giving fertilizing. All the leaves are sprinkled with its solution.
Food with potassium salts is used to increase the chances of the grapes for a mild winter, resistance to cold, and the berries become sweeter. Lack of salt affects the color of the leaves, they become paler, the edges of them begin to die off.
Inorganic foliar fertilization
For sprinkling of grape leaves use:
1. Inorganic salts
2. Iron
3. Ammonium sulfate
To replenish iron reserves in foliar feeding, solutions are used either inorganic saltsor iron chelate. To replenish iron reserves, gardeners use a little trick: under the roots of the grapes they bury rusty nails, which, when they rot, will secrete iron. It is available and free.
For spraying grapes ammonium sulfate solution is used, which is done in this ratio: ten liters of water per ten grams of fertilizer.
Foliar nutrition with micronutrient fertilizers
Winegrowers recommend using zinc and copper.
Effective will be the use of solutions of zinc (sulfate or zinc oxide) or boron. Foliar nutrition leads to increased yields, increases the number of fruit buds.
Another type of foliar fertilizer that helps young shoots of grapes to endure severe frosts is spraying with a solution of copper. He also easily tolerates summer drought.
Timing
An excellent time for foliar feeding is the beginning of autumn, the first half of September, as soon as the crop is harvested. At this time the weather is still sunny, there is no summer heat, and the rainy season has not begun.
Features feeding grapes
As everyone knows, grapes will grow better, and they grow on fertile soil. Only with official care can one expect good yields from him. But after the growing season, from the beginning of the formation of buds to harvest, even the most fertile soils are depleted. Earth loses its properties, it needs to be fed with micro and macro elements.
Grapes are fed with different elements, each of which is important, because they live it, help grow and develop. But in different periods, different fertilizers should be applied. Here, for example, nitrogen is introduced in the spring and summer, phosphorus - in the spring.
Grape bushes need a vitamin supplement, such substances as:
1. Nitrogen;
2. Phosphorus;
3. Potassium;
4. Copper;
5. Boric acid.
Grape needs nitrogen fertilizer in the spring, half of the annual rate is applied, during the summer - the fourth part, but in August, nitrogen-containing fertilizers should be stopped. Thanks to him, leaves and shoots are actively beginning to grow. Gardeners use urea and ammonium nitrate.
Thanks phosphorusIt is recommended to bring before the flowering period, the quality and quantity of ovaries are improved, they ripen evenly.
But with the onset of autumn, all experienced gardeners insist on making potash fertilizers as feeding. The grapes tolerate frosts and cold more easily; next season it accelerates the time of ripening of grapes.
To the berries sang faster and tasted more sweet, boric acid is added as a top dressing.
In addition to the potash fertilizer, the plant in the autumn season also feeds copper. It raises the chances of grapes for wintering, the plant can tolerate low temperatures. In summer, copper helps protect shoots from drought.
Before starting work on the introduction of root and foliar top dressing, you should visually inspect the plant, and according to its external condition and time of year, add the valuable elements to the grapes.
How to make feeding
Well, what could be easier than feeding? At first glance, nothing complicated, but there are a number of rules and features that should be followed. Root dressing entered into the wellsthat dig half a meter from a bush, about 40 centimeters deep. It is there that fertilizers fall asleep, and sprinkle them with a layer of earth.
Top dressing cannot be brought in the top layer of soil. The plant, in this case, will not receive the vitamins of fertility that are so necessary for it, and all efforts will be in vain. For productive results, top dressing is brought right under the roots, to where most of the moisture is collected. In this case, root top dressing is not thorough. Feed change with the introduction of basic fertilizers.
If your goal is to collect high-quality and high yield, then the feeding of grapes will be the basis for the care of the plant, which in no case
