GRAPE VARIETY "AMUR"

Grapes have long become the property of not only the southern vineyards, but also the private sites of the very cold Northern regions of Russia.

But many are surprised that there are varieties of natural origin that have been discovered by scientists and are now actively used in breeding as donors of high resistance.

We are talking about grapes "Amur", which belongs to one of the most northern varieties of this beautiful plant.

Due to its excellent characteristics, he earned an honorable place in the catalog of grape varieties and it is for this reason that we will introduce you to the Amur grape in this article.

Secrets and virtues of grapes "Amur": all about grade

This variety belongs to the most ancient, since it is practically impossible to establish in any way when it appeared in the forests of the Amur region. Despite its long history, the Amursky grape shows excellent adaptability in the modern climate of various regions of Russia. In nature, it can be found anywhere, and under natural conditions, it exhibits extraordinary resistance and one vine can be pulled along a support up to 30 meters in length.

Naturally, this also speaks of the extraordinary yield with which the variety is able to please. From the first half of the last century, this wild grape became the basis for the selection of many hybrids, which today enjoy a very high popularity: varieties "Northern" and "Dawn of the North", "Talisman", "Skiff", "Triumph".

Characteristic bunch of grapes "Amur"

The usual form of a bunch of grapes is cylindrical or cylindrical. The berries are not tightly arranged on it, because of which the cluster is loose in structure. The length of one bunch on average can be from 10 to 15 centimeters. The sizes of berries and clusters are small.

This grape can be identified by the black color of the berries, which also have a bluish bloom. The skin of the berry is usually quite dense, making it suitable for transportation. In diameter, one round berry is about 1.5 centimeters.

The flesh of the berries is light and very juicy. The taste of the grapes "Amur" simple, can be both sour and sweet, depending on the conditions of ripening. Grape bunches of this variety are used both for fresh consumption and for the manufacture of secondary products: juices, compote and wine, as well as for drying. It is often used to make vinegar or tartaric acid.

Despite the fact that this grape is practically not grown on an industrial scale (for this purpose, its hybrids are more successful as a crop), its seeds are used to produce grape oil and coffee substitute.

Amur Grape Yield Volumes and Collection Terms

This grape belongs to the varieties of the average term of ripening, which is not surprising for the natural region of its growth. Flowering in a grape bush is abundant, since, among all its shoots, about 80% are fruitful. At the same time, due to the small size of the clusters, from 1 to 3 can form on one shoot. On average, from one hectare of grape plantations of this variety, you can collect from 60 to 80 centners of a well-matured crop.

To harvest in the Amur region, you can start in the first half or mid-September.

If you grow Amur grapes as a home crop, cut and form a bush in a timely manner, the ripening of the crop may occur a little earlier, since the clusters will receive much more heat and sunlight.

Features and positive qualities of grapes "Amur"

The variety is practically not afraid of frost. Even lowering the temperature to -40 ° C on a grape bush did not show any damage at all. For this reason, the grape is used for breeding and serves as a donor of this quality.

Also, even the harvest is not afraid of autumn frosts, from which its taste can only rise, making the berries more sweet.

Lesions of the most common pests and diseases of the vineyards were practically not observed. It is important to emphasize the resistance of the grapes to mildew.

The ripening of the Amursky grape harvest is fairly rapid, which allows it to be harvested before the onset of cold and frost.

High yield and widespread use of grapes.

Suitability of grapes and berries for transportation.

Excellent growth of the grape bush, which in comparison with the usual breeding varieties can be called a giant. The finished growth of the vine can be about 2.5 meters.

The bush bears fruit well and tolerates pruning without any problems.

With grape transplants, it is able to take root very quickly and efficiently and adapt to new growing conditions.

It is very important for the selection of new grape varieties.

Used for decorating and gardening vertical supports, creating living obstacles.

Disadvantages varieties: what difficulties can cause the cultivation of grapes "Amur"

Unusually vigorous shrubs cause a lot of difficulties when harvesting. For this reason, most of the clusters often remain uncluttered.

To increase the size and quality of the crop the bush requires regular and very strong pruning, which will force you to work very hard.

Gourmet berries can not impress with their taste, which, however, can compensate for the external attractiveness of the grape bush.

What is special in planting grapes "Amur": all the rules and stages

The grapes "Amur" can be propagated in many ways, including:

Planting a grape bush with varietal seeds.

Use for planting grapes "Amur" branches of another bush of the same variety.

Grafting cuttings of a varietal shrub on a stock of another variety.

Due to the excellent survival of this variety in any climatic conditions and its good viability, planting grapes on your site will not be any difficulties. But like for any other variety, Amursky grapes are best planted in well-lit areas. This will contribute to faster ripening of the crop and better growth of the grape bush.

Grapes are extremely undesirable drafts and cold northern winds, which can adversely affect flowering, cut off inflorescences and leave you without harvest.

Do not forget about the very rapid growth of the vine, so before planting it is very important to prepare special supports for weaving the vine.

What time is best to choose for planting grapes "Amur"

Planting grapes of this variety will directly depend on which planting method you choose. For breeding grapes taps better to choose spring. This time is very warm for germination and rooting, and there will be a whole season ahead for the growth of a new bush. Thus, the grapes planted in spring will have time to get stronger and gain strength before the onset of winter frosts. Both spring and autumn are suitable for vaccination.

The difference will consist only in the fact that during the autumn grafting the stock will need to be very carefully covered and to do everything possible so that it retains until the spring a sufficient amount of moisture that ensures its vital activity.

Seeds of this grape are best sent to the ground in autumn, after harvesting. In the fall, they can also be sown, but before sending them to the ground, it will be necessary to soak the seeds in water and carry out many other manipulations, which will be described in more detail below.

Methods of laying a vineyard: soil selection, planting scheme

Big positive grape "Amur" is that it combines perfectly with most types of soils. Of course, that It is best suited to the soil with a good drainage system and with an average level of acidity. But, in spite of this, unusually high rates were observed when planting these grapes on humus and limestone, on soils with very close occurrence of groundwater.

When preparing holes for grapes, it should be borne in mind that the distance between the bushes must be at least 1 meter, otherwise they will interfere with each other. Experts also indicate that the cultivation of such grapes near fruit trees is highly undesirable. After all, it can very quickly and strongly braid a tree, “choking” it and greatly reducing the yield.

The stages of sowing and planting seedlings of grapes "Amur"

To prepare the seeds of grapes "Amur" need to start from the autumn, after the harvest. They need to be placed in the ground, laying at a depth of about 2.5 centimeters. After that, just wait for the spring and the gathering of grape seedlings.

If you decide to sow them in the spring, then the seeds should be placed in water for about a day and after this time, mix them with sand and leave in a box (can be placed in a plastic bag). It is best to keep grape seeds in a cold place, where the temperature will be constantly at + 4 ° C.

In order for the seeds to germinate, even before the spring approaches, they are sown in pots and kept in a room at a temperature of at least + 20 ° C. As in the case of autumn sowing, we wait for the seeds to germinate and try to carefully and carefully take care of the seedlings, as well as other indoor plants.

Planting seedlings should be carried out only with the arrival of summer, because only by this time they will be strong enough and will be suitable for this. Landing should be carried out as follows:

First of all, we prepare the pit with dimensions 0.5x0.5x0.6 meters. For good drainage at its bottom is to pour a layer of gravel, the optimum thickness of which should be about 10-15 centimeters. A mixture of fertile soil and organic fertilizers is poured over the rubble. It is very important to know that it is impossible to plant a grape seedling directly into fertilizers, since it can be burnt. Therefore, another layer of simple soil is piled on top of the fertilizer.

The root system of the seedling before planting should be held in a solution that can stimulate rooting. After that, it is placed in a pit and very carefully falls asleep. It is important that its root neck is not covered with soil.

After planting, the seedling must be very generously watered (using about 30-40 liters of water) and mulch the soil around it. Peat or tree bark is best used as mulch.

Features grafting cuttings grapes "Amur"

The stalk and stock to which you plan to plant it, be sure to first prepare. Cuttings are usually harvested in the fall and stored until spring placed in the sand in a cool place. In the spring they are waxed and clipped (only the lower part, in order to get a wedge for better rooting of the cutting to the stock). The lower part of the cutting, as well as the seedling, is kept for several days in water and a special root-forming solution before grafting.

Preparation of stock includes:

Remove the old bush.

Clearing the cut.

Split stock for cuttings.

It is precisely in the split of the stock that the stalk is placed, firmly tightened with some durable fabric or cord. If the vaccination is done for the winter, then the vaccination site must be covered with wet clay, so that as much moisture as possible is kept in it and it does not dry out in winter. Also, the vaccine must be covered, which will be discussed in more detail below.

What you need to know about the reproduction of grapes "Amur" abstraction?

This method is the simplest, although it has some nuances. The most important feature is the presence of a bush from which, in fact, you can make a withdrawal. Further, among shoots selected strong and closest to the ground escape. He bends down to the ground and falls asleep with a thick layer of soil. It is very important that the soil is very well hydrated, since this is what will contribute to the rooting of the stock.

It is also interesting to read about early grapes

How to preserve and increase the yield of grapes: the rules for the care of the grape bush all year round

Irrigation of grapes "Amur" must be carried out necessarily and regularly only at a young age, while its root system is only developing. Especially young grapes are afraid of droughts, which can greatly affect the yield. With the age of the bush and with the increase in its volumes, the resistance to droughts increases significantly, although it is better not to cancel early spring watering.

After watering the soil around the vine it is necessary to break the mulch. It will not only contribute to the preservation of moisture in the soil, but also during the peeling will feed the grapes with nutrients. The optimal mulch layer for grapes is 3-5 centimeters.

This variety is one of the few that even in the most severe winters does not require special shelter. This is due to its very high resistance to frost. But, not all at a young age, only after planting the vine cannot boast such a characteristic, therefore it is necessary to cover it. A grape seedling and an autumn stock are best covered using a simple waterplug or a wooden tub without a day. Having established them above our grapes, we can safely fill it with soil and leave it for the winter. In order that such a structure does not fall apart longer, it can be strengthened with bricks or heavy boards.

Without pruning, this grape will very quickly turn from a varietal plant into an ornamental. After all, pruning not only allows you to form a bush, but also has a positive effect on the increase in the volume and quality of grapes.

But to fertilize grapes "Amur" is practically not necessary. It will be quite enough for mulch and rare application of mineral fertilizers containing
potassium and phosphorus.

With insufficient light and strong thickening of the bush, its resistance to pests and fungal diseases is significantly reduced. Therefore, one of the ways to deal with them is pruning and the correct scheme of planting grapes. For the prevention of such diseases, twice before the flowering of the bush and once during the formation of bunches of grapes, spraying is carried out with special preparations that are widely represented in specialized stores.