A pear tree is less popular than an apple tree, a tree among gardeners, and is rarely found in their gardens.
Pear fruits are sweet, there are varieties with soft pulp, and there are also hard ones, there are summer varieties, and there are winter ones.
Sometimes, the pears are torn off still green, and they are left to be sung until spring, and they are stored, sprinkled with sawdust, in wooden boxes.
The taste of a pear changes, it becomes more juicy, soft and sweet.
Pear seedlings are planted mainly in the spring, but the autumn planting has its steadfast followers. Consider their arguments.
What are the advantages of planting pears in the autumn?
The key to a high yield of pears is the correct planting of seedlings. Autumn fine suitable for disembarkation seed, and this has its own reasons.
The advantages of planting pears in the fall include:
- Autumn considered the most the best time of the year for the selection of seedlings pears By this period, they have a well-developed root system, and the wood is fully matured.
- It is in the autumn period that there is a large selection of pear varieties, and their price is much lower than in spring. Also seedlings are accepted faster.
- Chances to buy pear seedlings that are already one or two years old are increasing. They are better accepted at the new location.
- The earth and the air are still warm in autumn, and the seedlings take root faster.
- A pear planted in autumn grows and develops faster.
When and how best to plant a pear
The best landing dates pears in autumn in the middle of September, the first half of Octoberbefore the first frost. First, dig a hole in advance, and prepare the hole for planting pears.
You can plant seedlings and without digging the planting pit. For this, in the place where the pear should grow, a small depression is made to the size of the root system of the tree.
In the soil, which is not very rich in nutrients, dig and prepare the planting pit. Its width is almost 100 cm, and its depth is 60 cm. The pit is filled with humus, wood ash, superphosphate, fertile earth, and on the walls they make small bouffant.
When trees are planted, they are flooded. To protect the roots, for the winter period, the earth around the pit is covered with peat and compost. Then, to strengthen the root system, near the seedling need hammer a peg and tie a young tree with a rope.
We choose the soil and place correctly
Planting pear seedlings in the fall begins with choosing the right place and soil for the future of the tree. Pear should grow immediately in a permanent place, she does not like transplants.
Pear loves warmth and afraid of frost. Therefore, the best place for pear seedlings will be the southern or southeastern part of the garden or cottage. There should be dry, warm, and enough sunlight. Do not recommend planting seedlings where there are drafts and strong winds blow.
The earth before planting pear seedlings is necessary loosen up, it should pass water and oxygen easily. Trees are planted at a distance of 3 meters from each other. It should be noted that the pear has a powerful root system, therefore, it is advised to plant it at least 3 meters away from any buildings, which also create a lot of shade.
For better pollination of flowers, 2-3 different varieties of pear are planted. Pear is not planted on sandy, swampy and lime soils.
Before landing pears the soil is necessary to fertilize
To do this, use peat, river sand, as well as compost or manure. First, all scattered around the garden, and then dig up the ground, while the soil is loosened. About an area of about 6 squares use 1 cube of manure (a layer of compost is 20 cm) + 1 cube of sand (pour a layer of 15 cm). You also need to add mineral fertilizers.
It is recommended to apply lime into the soil, i.e. soil liming. But sometimes, gardeners recommend it is better to leave a slightly acidic soil than overdo it with liming. On alkaline soils trees get chlorosis.
But the best fertilizer, in order for the soil to become fertile, easily let air and water through, are earthworms, they can be brought to the ground from the forest or dug in the place where there is constant moisture.
Care is very important for the harvest.
Pear care after planting is not very difficult, and is somewhat similar to apple care.
Trunk pears need to whitenIt is advised to do this procedure twice a year. Whitewashing helps protect the tree from sunburn, besides, it acts as a wonderful pest remedy, lime burns some species insects.
For the winter period trees need to warmFor this you can use roofing felt. Preparation of the tree for hibernation occurs approximately in the following sequence:
- Under the tree clean all fallen leaves, fruits that have rotted. You can not leave them, in rotten pears develop various pests.
- Dry twigs, if any, are pruned with shears, the cutting places must be lubricated with barb.
- Damaged, cracked bark cleaned off the tree, you need to leave only healthy areas.
- Another important point is to protect the tree from mice and hares.
What fertilizers to use
The amount of fertilizer to be applied depends on the condition of the tree. In the first year tree life fertilizers do not makeIt is recommended to start from the second year of planting a seedling. Feeding pears do in the fall and spring.
Mineral fertilizers applied annually, in the autumn period, and organic are introduced every three years. A ditch is dug around the tree, and humus, urea and potassium chloride are poured into it. Also, there are added, together with the earth, first phosphate-potassium, and then organic fertilizers, and for the best effect, everything must be dug up.
In the autumn, in no case Nitrogen fertilizers cannot be applied., as they affect the growth rate of the plant, which at this time is already preparing for hibernation.
Irrigation recommendations
A tree like a pear can do long without water and enough easy to tolerate droughtbut water yet his desirable. It is recommended that the soil where the seedlings grow, was constantly in a moist state. We can not allow sharp fluctuations from drought to too wet soil, sometimes this leads to the fact that the fruits of some varieties of pears begin to crack.
For pears there is watering rate, it is approximately 2 buckets for one year of life wood, i.e. Every year we add 2 buckets of water. Another rule of irrigation is that the pear should be watered not near the trunk, but under the crown, since there are most of the roots, through which the life-giving moisture enters.
The surface around the tree needs to be mulched. everything that you have at home, any material. This may be paper, sawdust, plant residues. It is necessary to ensure that the soil around the tree is always loose, without weeds, and does not dry out.
For watering pears use a sprinkler system.. This is when water enters the tree through a special sprayer, with a large number of small holes, reminding real rain.
Another way to water a pear is to water through the grooves around the trunk, their width should be around 15-20 cm.
Watering frequency depends on weather conditions, usually 2-3 buckets per year enough, but in the heat you can pour a few more times.
Water should be closer to the periphery and beyond, since there are most suction roots, and not near the trunk.
How to prune pears
Pruning of trees held in spring and after planting the seedlings, i.e. in the autumn. In the spring from a tree cut frostbitten branches and those branches that were damaged, but they were not noticed in the fall. Removing branches twice a year, you can save and form a crown correctly, you can also get rid of some pests.
The first pruning of a tree begins already from two years of age. Remove unnecessary shoots, it is also necessary to shorten the annual branches, a maximum of 1/3 of the original length. When circumcision, it is desirable to form a pyramidal crown. It can not be expanded, as this may affect the future harvest. Cut off the branches burn, to get rid of parasites.
We protect the tree from pests
The greatest pests of pears are:
- Fruit tick. It feeds on tree sap, which causes the leaves to fall prematurely.
- Leafbolts are caterpillars that eat leaves, flowers, and fruits.
- Medianitsa, looks like an aphid. They live inside the kidneys, and drink their juice. Medyanitsa produces honey juice, which leads to gluing of inflorescences.
- Weevils. Such a bug that eats the fruit.
- The apple-flowered eater, still in the larvae stage, eats inside the inflorescence, which has not even bloomed yet, which means it has not yet been pollinated. Adult beetle eats leaves.
- Pear moth - the most harmful pest that eats the entire crop.
For pest control use special chemicalsthat need to spray trees. For example, from the sucker is sprayed with fufanon or inta-vir. And the leaves infected with mite, burned.
Common diseases
The most common diseases that pear trees can cause are:
- Scab. Actively begins to develop in the spring. A brown-greenish bloom appears on the leaves, and the green leaves begin to fall off.
- Fruit rot. On the pear appears gray-brown circles of rot, is transmitted by air, infecting other trees.
- Rust. Refers to fungal diseases. On the leaves there are spots that resemble rust.
- Mealy dew. It affects almost the entire plant: flowers, shoots, leaves, buds. It begins with the appearance of a powdery, dirty plaque, then it is painted in a brown color, which leads to the formation of black dots.
- Black fungus manifests itself in the form of black plaque on the fruits and leaves of pear.
It is also interesting to read about the varieties of pears for the Urals.
Summer, from diseases, trees treated with urea or blue vitriol.
But, the golden rule should be remembered, it is better to warn any disease or the appearance of pests, than to deal with them later, and with the appearance of the first signs, immediately start treatment.
