Apples are the most wholesome and most beloved fruits in the world. Apple trees grow everywhere, because the variety of varieties makes it possible to choose seedlings for each geographical area.
The Urals, despite the far from mild climate, is available for growing many of them, although it is necessary to select carefully, taking into account the peculiarities of agricultural engineering and resistance to negative factors.
Most suitable for this variety of apple trees of the Ural breeding, adapted specifically for this climatic zone, although among others you can also choose good yield varieties.
Variety of varieties
In total there are about 10,000 varieties in the world, bred in different years, but only less than 100 of them are suitable for the Ural region.
When choosing to consider among other factors and the location of the site.
In addition, you should know that there are three categories of varieties, they differ in terms of the beginning of fruiting:
- skoroplodnye - start to give a crop for 4 year of life
- medium-sized - begin to bear fruit for 7 years after planting;
- late fruits - Fruiting can be expected by 10 year.
A photo
The most popular and suitable for the Urals are the varieties created by breeders from Sverdlovsk, as well as several other domestic and foreign ones.
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All of them can be divided into three large groups of varieties: summer, autumn and winter.
Experienced gardeners recommend that when choosing to adhere to this proportion - 20% summer seedlings, 20% autumn and 60% winter varieties.
In such a proportion, the harvest will be good even in harsh conditions and it will be possible to provide apples for the family for a long time.
Persian
This variety belongs to the category of winter, whose fruits can be stored for a long time, and they can be eaten just in winter, when vitamins are so necessary.
Variety Trees Persian average height, well tolerated -40 degrees Celsius and give a great harvest. These apples are rather large and sour-sweet, very fragrant, they like children.
Lovers of apple crunchy will appreciate the rosy fruits that ripen in early September, can be stored up to March and even longer, if you adhere to storage conditions.
Gardeners who choose this variety should be aware that prolonged rainy weather can lead to scab disease and take preventive measures in time.
Usually kolchatki, sometimes last year’s branches, bear fruit, therefore, the formation of the crown should be carried out carefully.
Silver hoof
Saplings Silver hoof have several characteristic external features, so knowing the description of apples and their varieties most in demand in the Urals, it is difficult to confuse this variety with others.
The crown of the trees resembles a ball in shape, and the trees themselves are of medium height, they have light green leaves with fuzz and rounded buds.
If a Silver hoof plant in a well-fertilized soil, the apples will be medium, weighing about 100 g, and on scanty soil the apples become small.
The crown of the tree consists of smooth branches, which are located almost at an angle of 90 degrees. The appearance of the fruit can be on the branches of different ages, kolchatkah or growths.
Apples are most often rounded in shape, with a smooth beautiful surface covered with a diffuse blush. The variety is early, and the crop can be harvested in mid-August, but it is not suitable for long-term storage.
Altai velvet
This apple variety belongs to the category of autumn, it was bred in for cultivation at the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia, and has been distributed since 1978. Trees are not very tall, rather, of medium height, they have a crown that is close in shape to an oval.
Fruit Altai velvet small in size and weight, only 40-50 g, but their flesh is very juicy and has a sweet taste with a barely noticeable sourness. Fruits are yellow at first, and then the color is replaced by dark red, with a bluish bloom.
You can collect them in the 3rd decade of August, and their shelf life is up to 2 months. It is important not to miss the beginning of the collection, because then the fruits are showered.
The variety is suitable for breeding in all areas of the Urals, as it is highly resistant to scab and low temperatures.
Ural bulk
Sort Ural bulk widespread throughout the Urals, it is autumn. Ural bulk known gardeners since 1959 and is skoroplodnym, since the harvest can be expected as early as 3 year after planting.
The variety will please those who like to experiment and are engaged in selection, because from it you can create great frost-resistant hybrids.
The tree has a compact form, its round-drooping crown is dense, and fruiting occurs at last year's increments, fruit beds and even twigs.
Fruit Ural bulk do not have great weight, and they are suitable for any type of processing. The harvest is stored not for long, about 50-60 days.
Welsey and others
Welsey - The creation of an American selection, in the catalog of varieties of apple trees, it occupies one of the leading places, thanks to its exceptional resistance to scab damage.
Appeared Welsey Back in 1860, it is still one of the best varieties of apple for juice production.
Trees grow of medium height, but the location of the branches at an acute angle to the trunk often leads to their breaking off from the severity of the fruit.
Another feature varieties is that even being late with harvesting for several days leads to the fall of fruits, and this affects their condition during storage. At the same time, the apples are early ripening, and the trees are resistant to scab, which is important if the air is damp.
Together with the listed in the Urals, grow and relatively new varieties of apple trees, for example, Country housewhich is not only resistant to scab, but also is skoroplodny and winter-hardy. Its fruits are yellow with a green tint color, very tasty, sweet with sourness, and the weight reaches 100 g.
There are creeping varieties - Paping or Carolwhich are also winter hardy.
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Dwarf apple trees are different from others in that their growth is limited to 2, rarely 3 meters. Mostly these varieties are winter-hardy and very fruitful.
Due to the restriction of growth, their fruits are much larger and tastier, and fruiting is possible already at 2 years after vaccination. The soil for such varieties should be well fertilized and nutritious.
Growing low-growing apple trees provides the following benefits to the grower:
- early fruiting;
- high yields and at the same time - high taste;
- ease of care and protective measures;
- the ability to grow even where groundwater lies quite close to the surface;
Many gardeners confuse stantium varieties and trees grown on dwarf rootstocks, but this is not the same thing.
Such trees can easily overwinter under the snow without fear of frost. To stantsevym include varieties bred by the breeder Mazunin: Wonderful, Landed, Autumn Stantose, Snowdrop other.
They possess very tasty large fruits, and mostly they are summer varieties, which nevertheless are winter-hardy.
Distinctive feature - all stanants need props, garters and regular pruning to form the crown. One of the early ripening varieties of apple trees - Melba, he gives a crop from one tree to 200 kg of large fruits.
Coloniform trees realize the possibility of compact planting in a small area. Unfortunately, in the Urals this is where their advantages almost end.
The long-term experience of leading gardeners and breeders has shown that even new early varieties of apple-tree trees are not suitable for growing in the Urals for a long period of time.
This is explained by the fact that none of them is endowed with the necessary winter hardiness and often freezes to the very roots.
Crown-shaped apple trees can be grown, bending to the ground for winter and covering, but this can only be done for a few years. If the kidneys are frozen and they are cut, then the branches begin to grow, forming the usual volumetric tree crown.
Of the new varieties can be distinguished, perhaps, skoroplodny Sweet Wikic with large fruits.
Low frost resistance
All columnar apple trees are considered to be low-resistant, as well as those that can withstand temperatures as low as -25 degrees Celsius. Not many similar varieties can be grown in the Urals, although they are quite in demand in other regions.
For example, grade Lobo bred in Canada, it is better to grow in the form of stanza. The fruits ripen in autumn and can be stored for up to 2 months, they have a yellow with a red tint color.
Another acceptable variety is Spartan, it is characterized by late ripening and large fruits, whose weight reaches 200 g. This variety is resistant to scab and great fecundity.
Has similar characteristics and CelliniThese apple trees are well grown for those who live in areas of the Urals with a relatively mild winter.
Medium-resistant
Quite a few varieties fall into this category, and although it is somewhat more difficult to grow them than low-resistant varieties, they are more popular among gardeners.
These varieties are demanding of soil, crown formation, because they need a lot more heat. Medium-resistant are Stroyev with large fruits and scab resistance, Antonovka - one of the most famous varieties, having more than a dozen varieties. Its fruit has a flavor that is difficult to confuse with any other, and the yield is very high.
Not only winter, but also early varieties of apple trees of not only domestic, but also foreign selection belong to middle-resistant ones. Among domestic can be identified such as:
- Sunrise;
- Bogatyr;
- Sinap Orlovsky;
- Beauty of Sverdlovsk and etc.
Well, and of the foreign varieties, apple varieties such as Jonathanwhich is resistant to scab and drought, but can not always resist against powdery mildew, its fruits can be stored for up to 6 months.
Everyone's favorite apple variety Idared able to withstand almost all diseases, gives consistently high yields and large tasty fruits, which can also be stored for up to 7 months.
Able to endure extreme cold
Perhaps the most common category of varieties grown in the most diverse areas of the Urals is winter-hardy. They can withstand prolonged temperature drops to -40 degrees.
One of the most frost-resistant varieties of apple is SverdlovskIts fruits are yellow, ripen in September and can be stored until the end of winter.
From the varieties of autumn ripening can be distinguished high-yielding Gift of autumncharacterized by resistance to scab.
Any catalog of apple varieties also includes summer winter-hardy varieties: Summer striped, Silver hoof, Uralochka - their harvest can be removed at the end of August, although it is stored for only a few weeks. These varieties are most suitable for cultivation in areas of the Northern Urals.
Summer views
Under the conditions of a rather severe Ural climate, “summer” can be called those apple varieties, the fruits of which, though ripen on a tree, have a limited shelf life. They are good to enjoy the first apples, get a summer portion of vitamins.
Many of them are not very large, but tasty, for example, Uktus fragrance has a sweet taste with a pronounced sourness, but Papyolanta not only gives very fragrant and tasty fruits, but also has unpainted cover, which is important for allergy sufferers.
He looks like a variety Country house, very popular in the Ural region, as it is winter-hardy and medium. Its fruits are ready to eat in mid-August, they are also unstained and very sweet.
