Apple tree refers to the genus of apple, family pink.
In total there are about 50 varieties of apple trees, which have differences in taste, size and color.
An apple tree can be called a “classic” fruit tree, the cultivation of which is common among gardeners and summer residents.
In this article we will talk about the features of growing varieties of apple Arcade summer.
What kind is it?
The variety of apple trees Arkad summer (or in another way - Arkad is sweet, Arkad is yellow, Arkad is long) refers to early summer terms ripening - approximately first half of august.
The origin of this old Russian variety is unknown.
Some gardening specialists distinguish the synonymous name apple "Arkad yellow" in a separate variety, and common and familiar "Summer arcade" appeared recently, because previously in the specialized literature is not met.
Summer varieties include: Arkadik, Kvinti, Elena, Dachnoe, Hero of the Day, Melba, Gorno-Altaisk, Gornist, Papirovka, Robin, Bely Pour, Yandykovskoe, Chudnoe, Terentyevka, Silver Hoof, Siyanets Solntsedar, Solntsedar, Glory to the Winner, July Chernenko.
Pollination
This sort of apple must be planted 5-6 meters apart. Needs pollination by other varieties.
Planting alongside a rare species pollinator can help increase the viability of the tree.
It is not recommended to plant winter trees as a pollinator.
Description varieties Arcade summer yellow
In general terms, the apple tree of this variety looks compact and neat.
The crown of trees is rounded, oblong and vigorous, the branches are rarely located, directed upwards.
The shoots have an olive color with a reddish tinge, the thickness is average, rather poorly pubescent.
The leaves are egg-shaped, of medium size, the color is dark green, and the shoots have weak pubescence.
Fruit size Arcade average, the weight of one fruit is about 80 grams.The shape is similar to a truncated cone, slightly oblong.
The color of the skin is light yellow without blush, shiny, the coat is very thin and smooth. In overripe fruits, black subcutaneous spots protrude.
The advantage of the variety is early ripening. The taste of the fruit has pleasant aroma, soft, sometimes tart taste, sweet flesh without acid, in composition loose.
The lack of variety is the non-transportability of the crop due to the perishable properties of the fruits of this variety.
A photo
Breeding history
The Arcade summer variety has been one of the favorite and popular Central Russian varieties for many centuries, but its origin is unknown.
Leo Tolstoy also mentions the soft sweet taste of his fruit, on the estate of which trees of this variety were grown.
The taste of apple fruits is memorable and bright, it is difficult to confuse with another, although some point to the similarity of taste with the Golden Delicious variety, but there is no common relationship between these varieties even with similarity in appearance.
Some old sources contain information that Bashkiria became the first territory where this variety was most widely used.
In connection with the long-time cultivation of apple varieties of this variety, there is some ambiguity. In the book of M.V. Rytov this grade received the name "Arcade long"Already in the works of Academician Vinyaminov on fruit trees, the variety is already called "Arkad yellow".
Natural growth region
The decisive factor in the growth of the Summer Arcade is resistance to adverse conditions. In the past, apple cultivation was limited to amateur gardeners.
Well take root in the central regions thanks to its winter hardiness. This variety is not industrial due to transportation difficulties, mostly apple trees are grown for their own use.
Yield
Apple tree begins to bear fruit in the fifth or sixth year after plantingafter that bears fruit annually.
Productivity is rather low - about 50-60 kilograms from one tree. Arkad yellow is a summer variety, fruits begin to ripen in late July or early August.
But even before full maturity, apples are quite suitable for use because of low acid. Ripened, apples peel off and shelf life from a week to ten days.
High yields are distinguished by the apple varieties: Antonovka Dessert, Gala, Winter Pear, Antey, Lyubava, Kuibyshev, Daughter of Pepinchik, Apple Spas, Phoenix Altai, Uralets, Lobo, Welsey, Stroyevskoye, Sokolovskoye, Sun, Ural Filling, Rososhos, Sostoshis, Sostoshis, Sostoshko , Carpet, Korah, Imrus, The Covenant.
Planting and care
Planting and caring for an apple tree is a responsible business that requires attentiveness and knowledge.
According to experienced gardeners and specialists, as soon as the air temperature in the spring for a long time begins to keep above zero, and in the fall is still far from coldit is a sign that it is landing time fruit crops.
About such favorable weather comes not earlier than the second half of April.
The first thing to do is take care of digging a hole. This one should be bothered in advance - at least one week before the intended planting of the seedling.
The diameter of the pit should be about a meter, and the depth - not less than 80 centimeters. When digging, the upper layer must be put off from the lower layer, since it is more fertile and useful, and will be needed during the subsequent planting.
The dug hole before planting will need to be further processed: the soil at the bottom is loosened and either old cans or a nut shell are put in it.
Also soil desirable superphosphate. Can add humus or ash. Then the previously deposited upper layer needs to fill the hole somewhere to the middle.
TIP: Gardeners know that if you plant an apple tree in a land where nothing grew before it, the fruits will be large and healthy. But if you plant a tree in a place where the plant of its species has already grown and fruited, it will wither.
This feature is called soil self-poisoningsince each plant can secrete Substances that accumulate in the soil and can be toxic for trees of the same species.
In order to avoid the above problems, alternate fruit trees when planting.
Even if the soil is fertile and healthy, the tree will still need additional feeding.
For this, there is also a rule: if during planting you fertilized with phosphorus, organic and potassium substances, then after six months only nitrogenous should be used.
If during planting fertilizers were not used, then in time the plant will need a fertilizer complex.
Diseases and pests
In some years, the summer arcade variety may suffer from scab. It often happens that folk remedies and prevention do not save the tree from this serious illness.
In such cases, they resort to chemical treatment of trees against infections - the fungus Venturia is unequal, causing scab
TIP: Do not treat wood every year with the same preparation, as the fungus may develop addiction, which means the treatment will not be effective. The tool must be applied with a sprayer with small sprays in order not to harm the apple tree by overdosing.
Alternatives to chemicals in treatment and prevention can be mineral fertilizers. This method is cheaper than expensive chemicals and is not inferior in performance.
In addition, mineral fertilizer is useful as a top dressing tree.
Spraying with solutions helps as a preventive measure. up to 3% concentration of ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, potash salt etc., and for the treatment of suitable solutions from 3-10% concentration of potassium chloride, 10% concentration of ammonium nitrate and 10-15% concentration of potassium salt.
As in the application of chemical fertilizers, you need to be careful in dosing.
Indisputable advantage of the Arkad summer variety (or Arkad yellow) is its resistance to adverse conditions. However, due to the impossibility of transporting the fruit, this variety is more suitable for personal and household cultivation; for technical processing, the fruit is unsuitable because of its loose pulp.
Also a clear disadvantage is low yield and high susceptibility scabthat requires extra tree care.
