The territory between the rivers Don and Kuban is commonly called the “Gate of the Caucasus”. In the lower reaches of the Don, as in the Caucasus, grapes were grown for millennia.
The traditional occupation of local people for Russia was blessed by Peter I, but this region became the center of viticulture only in the 30s of the twentieth century, when the industry was put on industrial rails, and its development was transferred to science.
Dynasty continuer
The research institute was conceived to expand the zone of risky breeding of a plant that is not typical for our country - grapes.
Krasokhina Svetlana Ivanovna
The noble goal of scientists was embodied - the promotion of this culture to the north and the creation of an industrial raw material base for winemaking.
Experimental fields and nurseries appeared in other regions, business relations with European science and wine industry were secured by agreements. 200 research institutes joined the process of hybridization and adaptation of the "solar berry" varieties.
Among the creative, mostly male group, the selection work of a pretty, still young woman - Svetlana Ivanovna Krasokhina, a representative of the whole dynasty of winegrowers, gained recognition. Now the grape Krasokhina S.I. occupies a leading place in popularity.
In the record of Svetlana Ivanovna:
- degree in horticulture and viticulture;
- 85 print jobs;
- position of lead researcher;
- 3 patents for inventions related to grape grafting;
- 4 copyright certificates for varieties entered in the Register;
- co-authorship on the creation of 6 new varieties (dining and technical);
- approbation of 150 grape varieties;
- advisory assistance on the site.
Her interest in seedless and nutmeg varieties in the domestic varietal diversity of such an exotic culture as grapes, a whole group, which is commonly referred to as "Krasokhina grapes."
"Varieties Krasokhina"
What grape varieties mean when talking about “Krasokhina grades”? These are, above all, winter-hardy high-yielding table varieties with a reduced number of seeds and nutmeg, as well as white technical varieties intended for the production of soft drinks, light wines and drying.
The first group includes: Talisman, Alex, Zolotinka (Galbena know) and Balkanovsky.
To the second - Platovsky and Muscat Crystal (working title).
In development are - grade "Pink Cloud", "Refrigerator", "Giant".
When asked about the use of growth stimulants in viticulture, Krasokhina always answered: "The main stimulant is the correct farming technique and the breeder's patience."
Descriptions and features
Grape Talisman
"Talisman" ("Kesha 1") is a popular table grape of white grapes with pronounced tasting qualities (8 points).
Characterized by:
- the size of the berries and hand (up to 2 kg);
- ready for fruiting in the 2nd year after landing in the ground;
- aging dates - late;
- the abundance of brushes can overload the bush - needs to be rationed;
- the main plus of the variety is disease resistance and cold resistance (down to -25 ° C).
White table varieties also include White Delight, Novocherkassk Amethyst and Anthony the Great.
To improve the qualities of the variety, the author recommends applying to the plant a high agrofon with adjustable irrigation, balanced feeding, additional pollination and rationing of the ovary.
More clearly with the grape variety "Talisman" can be found in the photo:
Alex Grape
The grape variety "Alex" (VI -3-3-8) is a table variety of early white maturing grapes (115 days). Regions of cultivation - Center and South of Russia, the Far East. Parents: Moldovan grape Biruintsa and Delight.
Characterized by:
- as a vigorous plant with an average maturity;
- bush form;
- leaves are dark green with two-sided color difference, slightly pubescent, with a jagged edge;
- fruiting young shoots corresponds to 70%;
- fruit clusters elongated (up to 35 cm), heavy (up to 1 kg);
- berries are large, milky color with a golden hue on the sunny side;
- the skin is dense but elastic;
- tasting score - 8.2;
- the hybrid is capable of self-naming the ovaries;
- after harvesting, a sugar-accumulating process continues in the fruit;
- low temperature tolerance - up to -25 ° C;
- resistant to major grape diseases (up to 3.5 points) including phylloxera;
- Suitable for transportation and export shipments.
Resistance to disease can also boast Augustine, Liang and Levokumsky.
The variety prefers the southern and western slopes, but tolerates planting in the lowlands.
See photos of the grape variety “Alex” below:
Zolotinka grapes
“Zolotinka” (“Galbena know”, “Yellow New”) is a strong-growing table nutmeg white grape variety with an extremely early ripening period (105 days).
Parents: Moldavian White Beauty grapes and seedless variety Korinka Russian, with the makings of high winter hardiness.
Characterized by:
- abundant fruiting of young shoots up to 85%;
- early entry into fruiting after planting in the ground (2-3 years);
- large, branched, slightly loose brush up to 700 grams. weight;
- berries of white amber color, large (8gr) and rounded;
- sugar content of juice 24%;
- nutmeg aroma increases the tasting score to 8;
- has the valuable quality of a universal stock;
- rooting cuttings excellent;
- resistant to putrefactive bacteria and low (down to -27 ° C) temperatures.
High sugar content also distinguishes Aladdin, Delight White and King Ruby.
The tendency to a strong interlacing of the branches requires carrying out the embossing (trimming 40 cm of the upper parts of the shoot) in the first years of the formation of the bush.
Appearance of grapes "Zolotinka" on the photo:
Grape Baklanovsky
"Baklanovsky" ("Delight original", "Delight oval", "Oval") - table grape white grapes. Maturation period is only 115 days.
Parent couple: Delight grapes and highly decorative Ukrainian variety Original.
Characterized by:
- intense growth power;
- fruitfulness of shoots of the first year of life up to 85%;
- yield - 120z / ha;
- grapes are conical or shapeless, not very dense, of solid weight (up to 2 kg);
- berries are elongated, with a tan and fleshy crispy flesh;
- taste pleasant, balanced in sugar and acid;
- optimal pruning - with 2-4 buds remaining;
- may, after maturation, remain up to 1.5 months on the bushes without loss of consumer qualities;
- used as a stock;
- suitable for transportation;
- resistant to the main diseases of the culture (vulnerable phylloxera);
For arch cultivation are also Arched, Gurzuf Pink and Red Delight.
See photos of grapes "Baklanovsky" further:
Grapes Platovsky
The "Platovskiy" ("Early Dawn") grape variety is a technical (universal) grape characterized by an extremely short ripening period (only 110 days).
Among the technical varieties stand Bianka, Levokumsky and Krasa Beam.
Region of distribution: Center and South of Russia, Siberia, the Far East. Parents: Crimean hybrid Present Magaracha and "Zelendande" ("Hall denda").
Characterized by:
- exceptional frost resistance (up to - 30 ° C);
- moderate growth force;
- leaf cover thick;
- the presentation of the fruit is modest: the berries are small (up to 2 grams), dense brushes are also small (up to 200g);
- berries with light rozovinkoy and thin skin;
- tasting score - 8.4;
- full seeds, flower bisexual;
- has a sugar content of 20%, which determines the taste of the berries as pleasant with the presence of nutmeg;
- the fruitfulness of the new growth to 85%;
- long-lasting variety;
- in berries, the sugar accumulation process continues at the end of the ripening period;
- easy to care for, available in breeding, intensive in growth;
- resistant to putrefactive bacteria.
In order to improve the fruiting and yield of the variety, it is necessary to carry out a stitchling and remove underdeveloped shoots in a timely manner.
Then you can see in the photo grape variety "Platovsky":
Muscat Pridonsky grapes
"Muscat Pridonsky" is a technical white grape variety of late ripening.
Parent pair: European wine variety "Orion" (distribution region - Germany and the United Kingdom) and the universal hybrid Friendship (Russia).
Characterized by:
- strong plant growth;
- high fruitfulness (up to 95%) of the first year shoots;
- flower bisexual;
- small size cylindrical brush shape (250g);
- memorable taste of aromatic thin-skinned berries with sugar content sufficient for winemaking (20%);
- immunity to the main diseases of this culture and tolerance to phylloxera;
- tolerance to low temperatures up to 27 ° C (without additional shelter);
- has a tasting score as a dessert wine - 8.6; as sparkling - 9.4.
Homeland wine - Europe, although produce grape wines on all continents. Most grapes are white. Therefore, the raw materials for the production of white wines immeasurably more.
See the appearance of the grapes "Muscat Pridonsky" in the photo below:
Crystal Muscat Grapes
Crystal Muscat (9-2-pk) is a new promising universal white grape variety. Used for fresh consumption and as a raw material in winemaking.
Parent couple: Talisman and Muscat Delight. It feels good in all regions with sunny summer and not too harsh in winter.
Characterized by:
- unprecedented ripening (early August);
- flowers are bisexual;
- fruits are collected in a brush of medium density (up to 1000g);
- amber-colored berries, quite large (6gr);
- the pulp is juicy, crunchy, with a pronounced nutmeg aroma;
- tasting score - 8.6 points;
- sugar content up to 20%, which allows the use of fruit in winemaking;
- yield is very high, rationing of the ovaries is required;
- without a shelter, it transfers the temperature to –25 ° C;
- not affected by gray mold, but resistance to other diseases is still being tested;
- used in the production of dessert and sparkling wines.
Muscat as a grape variety is older than Rome. He is today the main component of breeding. Widely popular: nutmeg white, pink, Hungarian, Hamburg, black.
See photos of grapes "Muscat Crystal":
Perspectives
Currently, the breeding work, which is conducted by S.I. Krasokhina, is aimed at:
- the creation of table large-scale seedless samples;
- combination of table qualities of grapes and frost resistance;
- the creation of table varieties with a short growing season;
- search for projected yields of under-graft pairs;
- the study of the adaptation processes of the famous collection stocks in the conditions of the South of Russia;
- the creation of technical varieties that are not oxidized during mechanized harvesting;
- zoning red technical varieties that are not typical for cultivation in the Pridonie;
- the creation of new varieties (adaptation of already recognized) with resistance to the scourge of vineyards - phylloxera.
It remains to wait for the new grape masterpieces from the scientist breeder.
