The Orlyk apple variety is widely distributed in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.
The tree has a small size, which is why it is especially successful in living in private gardens.
Also the advantage of the variety is frost resistance and good keeping quality of fruits.
What kind is it?
The Orlik variety apple tree is a tree that refers to the winter varieties of maturation.
Fruits are considered ready for harvest by the end of September.
Subject to the recommendations on storage, the harvest can last until the end of February - beginning of March.
It is recommended to store the fruit in the basement or cellar for storage, the desired storage temperature: 7-5 ° C.
It is important to avoid sudden heat drops.
Store apples in plastic, wooden or plywood boxes. If you store in a cold place, for example, on the balcony, warm the container a little.
Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, Idared, Altynai and Kuybyshevsky also belong to the winter apple varieties.
Pollination
The Orlik apple variety is a self-fruitful variety, so for successful fruiting it is necessary to plant pollinating varieties.
Most suitable and recommended varieties for pollination of the apple Orlik: Kandil Orlovsky, Sunny, Stroyev.
Allowable pollinators: Aphrodite, Kurnakovskoe.
Description variety "Orlik"
The apple tree Orlik has a moderate growth, the fruits are small, sometimes of medium size. Apple tree sredneroslaya. The crown is not thick, neat round shape.
The branches have raised ends and are directed from the trunk at an angle of 90%. Bark of an apple tree smooth with a yellow shade.
The leaf has a large size, a wrinkled surface and an ovoid shape. The venation is rough, the color is bright green.
Leaf slightly bent to the central vein, bent and pointed.
Medium-sized prevail, individual specimens have a value below the average. Approximate weight: 120-100gr. The shape is slightly flattened, conical.
Large shares are almost not expressed. Color at the time of the final maturation of light yellow with a scarlet-red blush. The flesh has a light beige tone with a greenish coating, the structure is rather dense, fine-grained, and juicy, with a bright pleasant aroma.
The following varieties of apples can also boast of excellent taste: Orlovsky Pioneer, Ekranny, Big Folk, Orlinka and Aromatny.
A photo
The appearance of Orlik apples can be seen in the photo below:
Breeding history
The Orlik apple variety was first selected in 1959. The selection procedure was carried out at the Oryol zonal fruit and berry experimental station.
To create Orlik, two varieties were used: Bessemyanka Michurinskaya and Mekintosh already actively participating in the breeding of new varieties.
Breeders became the creators of the variety: E.N. Sedov and T.A. Trofimova. Orlik was not immediately introduced into the State Register of breeding achievements - for about 10 years he conducted experiments on precociousness and frost resistance, the variety has been greatly improved over the years.
Growing region
Distributed in the central region of Russia, in temperate latitudes. Due to the compact size of trees, speed and volumes of fruiting, Orlik spread to the territory of Ukraine and Belarus.
Today, the Orlik apple tree is found in many private gardens.
Yield
Fruits reach maturation at the end of September. Variety Orlik yields large volumes of crop and favorably differs by its precocity.
The beginning of fructification is 4-5 years of tree life after planting. The volume of the harvest increases every year.
Projected volumes with proper care:
- 7-8 year of life - 15-35 kg of the crop;
- 10-13 year of life - 55-80 kg of the crop;
- 15-20 year of life - 80-120 kg of crop.
Such varieties as Antonovka ordinary, Marat Busurin, Kuibyshevsky, Veteran and Winter Beauty are also capable of excellent harvests.
Landing
In order for your tree to successfully settle down and abundantly bear fruit, you must follow a few simple guidelines for planting and care.
Orlyk apple tree can be planted either in spring or autumn.
If you plant an apple tree in the fall, be sure not later than two weeks before the onset of cold weather, as the seedling needs to get used to the frost.
Conditions of planting Orlik apple:
- Dimensions of the pit: width - 100 cm, depth - 50 cm.
- When digging holes, separate the layers of earth into the lower and upper, put them in different piles.
- Cook the fertilizer.
- The lower part of the dug hole must be filled with earth, which was taken from the top layer of soil, as it is the most fertile.
- Alternate layers of soil with different types of fertilizers. Do not forget to straighten the roots of the sapling. Otherwise, you risk getting a tree with an unhealthy root system.
- Water the soil, the recommended amount of water is 15-20 liters.
- Place the seedling root system in the pit and cover it with the remaining layer of fertile soil, then add a little more fertilizer. Tip: when planting a little shake the seedling, then the ground is most evenly distributed between the roots. After finishing with the landing hole, trample the ground near the sapling, make an earthen circle around the seat with a diameter of up to 1.2 m.
Care
Caring for Orlyk apple tree is required for a large and tasty harvest.
Fertilizer
The first top dressing of the apple is done in the spring. Top dressing consists of nitroammofosk and 30 grams of ammonium nitrate. During fruiting, 140 grams of superphosphate, 50 grams of potassium chloride and a compost bucket are added.
To increase the green mass, it is necessary to add nitrogen-containing fertilizers three times over the period (chicken manure, manure, etc.)
During the fruiting season, regularly and carefully loosen the stalk soil.. So the roots can be saturated with oxygen.
Pruning
In the spring it is necessary to prune the shoots of seedlings. Pruning occurs on the upper sectors in adult trees.
This is done in order for the apple tree to spend its strength not on gardening, but on fruiting.
In addition, it is imperative to remove old, damaged and unnecessary shoots.
Before winter, carefully clean the leaves under Orlik. Since they can be got disease-causing bacteria.
Spray the trees throughout the season with an infusion of wormwood, tobacco, ash, bitter pepper. By such actions, you reduce the risk of pests.
For healthy apple growth, carefully remove weeds that grow under the tree.
Diseases and pests
The main enemies of the apple tree Orlik are cytosporosis, powdery mildew, scab.
Cytosporosis
The causative agent of the disease becomes a fungus that settles on the bark of Orlik, as a result of which dark-colored ulcers form on the trunk.
The disease quickly captures the woody area, the tree begins to fade. The bark on the site of ulcers falls off, the branches fall off.
The disease develops with inadequate maintenance, it can be caused by: poor-quality soil, lack of mineral dressing, rare or, on the contrary, too abundant watering.
Treatment: Ulcers are treated with the drug "Hom", it must be diluted in the following proportion: 40 gr. ten liters of water. This splattering is done before bud break.
The second stage - before flowering. It is necessary to spray copper sulfate, dose: 50 g ten liters of water. Last measure: spraying after a fall of flowers, it is made by "Home".
Mealy dew
A disease that occurs due to a fungus that can damage all parts of Orlik involved in fruiting.
It manifests itself in the first stages in white bloom, which looks like flour cereal, which is why inexperienced gardeners sometimes take for dust.
Over time, the bloom turns brown, black spots are formed. The leaves begin to dry out and fall off; the fruits of the tree during this disease are not tied.
Treatment: In the spring, for prevention, they spray the apple tree with "Scorch" preparations; after the end of flowering, the tree is treated with copper chlorine oxide.
After the harvest, with a solution of ordinary liquid soap or a preparation of blue vitriol.
Scab
Disease provoked by fungal spores. It appears on the mature leaves in the form of brown bloom, the foliage quickly dries and falls. If the scab affects the fruit, you can easily notice cracks and black and gray spots.
Infected fruits can not be used, they are burned outside the garden.
Treatment: In the spring, at the time of the appearance of the leaves, process the tree solution "Topaz". The second treatment occurs after the apple tree has faded, for this purpose it is necessary to use the preparations “Sulfur colloid” or “Hom”.
Do not forget that pests can threaten the apple trees. It is necessary to take adequate preventive measures against the codling moth, the mining moth, haws, silkworms and fruit sapwood.
If you are the owner of a small private garden and want to make yourself a fruit tree, without a doubt, the Orlik apple tree will be the right choice for you.
With proper care, you will be pleasantly surprised by the volume of the crop and the duration of its storage; the fruits can provide the family with vitamins for the entire winter period. Apples are great for preservation and for eating raw.
