PEAR "CHILDREN": A DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETY, PHOTOS OF THE FRUIT, TIPS ON PLANTING AND CARE

The pear tree is one of the most popular fruit trees among amateur gardeners.

Scientists of breeding institutions by crossing different varieties and hybrids produce more and more new varieties of pears.

One of these varieties is the Junior pear variety.

What kind is it?

Depending on the time of fruit ripening pears are divided into summer, autumn and winter. Pear grade "Children's" refers to the summer view. The fruits of this variety ripen in the summer, from mid-July to mid-late August.

Summer varieties also include Duchess, Chizhovskaya, Carmen, Moscow Early and Orlovskaya Summer.

Breeding history and breeding region

The grade "Nursery" was brought by the known breeders Yu.A. Petrov and N.V. Efimova in the All-Russian Breeding and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery (VSTISP), Moscow.

The variety was obtained by crossing interspecific hybrid number 8 with pear varieties Dushes summer.

Basically, the variety is distributed in the plots Moscow and neighboring areas. This variety is zoned in Central region.

In this region, the varieties of pears Gera, Cathedral, Krasnobokaya, Elena and Vernaya grow well.

Pear "Children's": description of the variety and photos

Tree height - high, and also the pear "Children's" differ in durability. Their pyramidal crown consists of a few, but powerful branches with a multitude of annuli; fruiting is concentrated in them.

Tree shoots are straight, thick, light brown in color. Dark green leaves with small-edged edges are smooth, oval-shaped.

Medium sized fruits (about 80 g), pear shaped. They have a yellow color, as the main color, and the coverslip is a pinkish-orange blush.

For more information about the variety and see the pears "Children's" can be in the photo below:

Specifications

Productivity varieties "Children's" regular and high. Fruiting begins for 4-5 year under favorable conditions of detention.

High-yield varieties are also Noyabrskaya, Lada, Pamyati Zhegalova, Yakovlevskaya and Vernaya.

Variety is considered early summer, because the fruits appear earlier than on other trees.

From mid July to late summer Pears of this variety please the owners with their harvest. It is required to ensure that the fruits do not overripe on the tree and remove them during a period of noticeable ripening.

The pulp of the fruit is very juicy and sweet. The fruits are universal in use. They are consumed fresh, boiled compotes, preserves and jams. They are well kept in the cold. In the refrigerator may remain edible for about one month.

Grade "Children" - frost-resistant. Trees can survive low temperatures without any consequences. Spring frosts after the thaw, they also tolerate. They are able to survive high summer temperatures.. Death during drought does not threaten this variety.

The variety “Children's” is self-propelled, therefore trees do not require additional pollinators for fruiting.

It is well tolerated by different weather conditions and such varieties are Autumn Yakovlev, Marble, Lira, Moskvichka and Forest Beauty.

Planting and care

Landing
Planting seedlings acquired in the nursery, to a permanent place is one of the fundamental stages.
Depending on how well the tree was planted, his life will flow.
Proper planting of the seedling favors the successful development of the tree, the timing of the beginning of its fruiting and the taste of the fruit largely depend on this.
Therefore, special attention should be paid to this process.
When buying a seedling it is worth remembering that best live with yearlings. The roots of the annual seedlings less injured during transplantation.
Planting is best done in early spring, as soon as the earth thaws enough to dig a landing hole. In the case when the sapling is purchased in the fall, You can just prikopat it until spring.
If landing was planned earlier, then pits should be dug in autumn so that the soil in it settled. For the grade "Children's" it is permissible to carry out planting in the fall, because the grade is frost resistantand low temperatures cannot damage seedlings.
First you need to choose a place in the garden. It should be well lit and with low groundwater levels.. A very wet place will not work. The roots of the tree should not be constantly in the water. This will lead to their decay.
It is necessary to begin landing with that it is necessary to dig up the landing pit 50-60 cm deep and about 1 meter in diameter. The root system of the tree will grow in the pit for the first few years, therefore it should be provided with all the necessary substances.
To do this, you need to make in the pit refueling of fertile soil and humus (1 bucket). For faster and proper growth you can add 200 g of superphosphate, 50 g of ammonium nitrate and 100 g of potassium sulfate.
IMPORTANT: Do not use fresh manure instead of humus. He will contribute to the fact that the roots of the tree burn.
After the pit has been dug and filled with nutrients, a small hill of earth should be poured at the bottom of the pit. Put a sapling on it, carefully spread the roots on the hill and cover it with soil.
If there are air bubbles in the landing pit, this can lead to the roots starting to rot.
When falling asleep it is necessary from time to time to water the land covered with water. It will wash away the soil from the roots, the earth will be compacted and fill the air voids formed. Turn the crooked seedlings to the south side so that it aligns when it reaches for the sunlight.
When the tree is planted, its should be tied to a peg. The wind will not swing a sapling, and its roots will remain in a fixed state. This will help him settle down in a new place better and faster.
The land around the seedling better not trample down. Strongly compacted soil will trap the oxygen needed for root development.
Crown formation
Tree varieties "Children's" is tall. Therefore, it needs crown-forming pruning. Numerous branches and shoots prevent sunlight from penetrating inside the tree crown. This slows the growth of flowers, delays the onset of fruiting, reduces yield, impairs the taste of fruits.
Start the formation of the crown is necessary Immediately, as soon as the seedling was determined to a permanent place.Young trees can form a crown bending down or deflecting the branches. For this use spacers or tied with twine. Shoots that grow at an acute angle are adjusted with struts.
And growing at an obtuse angle attracts to the trunk, tied with a rope or wire. The bark of the tree should be protected with gaskets made of hard material.
Subsequently, they take root at the right angle. Pruning is not very good for the health of the pear, so this method is more appropriate in the formation of the crown of pear.
Trimming is or shortening shoots, or thinning the branches. Shoots need to cut over the kidney. Large branches are removed in two stages: first, cut off most of the branches, and then cut off the rest.
When forming the crown 5-6 skeletal (main) branches are left. Shoots that are at an acute angle to the stem are not suitable for them. When the pear will bear fruit, these branches can break off under the weight of the fruit.
The main branches in the crown of the fruit tree are the branches of the lower tier. For him choose 3 shoots on the circumference of the stem.
The next tier is formed after the lower branches have sufficiently developed and will begin to gain strength. To form the 3rd and subsequent tiers saw off the central conductor.
Pruning should be carried out in the spring, before the sap flow of plants, or late in the fall before the onset of cold weather. This should be done with a sharp and clean tool. The soonest healing of wounds in a tree depends on it.
The crown of a pear is formed about five years. After the tree is well formed, only the so-called sanitary pruning is carried out - the old, broken or diseased branches are removed.
Should I close for the winter?
Pear "Children's" - frost-resistant grade. Mature trees do not need any warming. Young trees can be insulated: The trunk circle should be lined with suitable materials (peat, sawdust, compost), the spud should be tucked, and the trunk should be tied with spruce branches.
Watering
It is necessary to water the tree when the soil of the circle of the trunk has become dried. It is necessary to take into account the level of groundwater.
If the soil around the tree is wet enough due to them, it is not necessary to water it in addition.
An excess of water leads to rotting of the roots. A disadvantage to the fact that the tree develops weakly, fruiting is delayed, the yield is reduced.
Top dressing
Every gardener wants the fruit tree in his garden to grow as quickly as possible, and start to bear fruit as soon as possible. For the rapid growth of pears and for the early start of its fruiting, the tree must be fed with nitrogen.
For this you need to scatter approximately 50 g of ammonium nitrate around the tree trunk and dig. Crystals of nitrate will dissolve due to moisture and will be beneficial.
It is also recommended to feed the tree with sodium humate. This must be done three times: during the bud break, then in July, and then at the end of August. This contributes to the growth of shoots and foliage.

Diseases and pests

Pear "Children's" resistant to various fungal diseases. But it can be damaged by various insect pests - a pear moth, a pear mite, a pear honey cage (leafblock).

Resistance to the main diseases have the Wonderful, Svetlyanka, Bere Bosk, Tatiana and Svarog.

To combat them use drugs inteksitsidichesky action. These include "Malathion", "Metaphosis", "Kelifos", etc..

Spraying should be carried out on a dry windless day. This is done in the spring, before the bud starts blooming. This will help get rid of pests hibernating under a tree and in its bark. After some time, the tree is sprayed again.

Insect pests multiply very quickly. Over the summer can be formed several generations. They gnaw leaves, spoil the fruits, branches and shoots of the tree.

If you do not fight insects, the tree will begin to wither and may later die.

In order to protect your garden from pests, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures annually. You should constantly inspect the bark, leaves and fruits of the tree.

In case of any changes in their appearance, it is worth spraying the pear. Preventive spraying also helps in the fight against various pests.

In the autumn you need to collect all the fallen leaves with burn - Most pests overwinter in fallen leaves. You also need to dig up the trunk circle and dig deep into the soil near the tree.

The first five years of the life of the tree, until the bark on the trunk is strong, it is necessary to protect the trees from rodents. To do this, they wrap a tree trunk with dense material. For example, we. But the trunk must first be wrapped in newspapers so that the roofing material does not come into contact with the bark of the tree.

Fruit mite
This insect sucks all the nutrients from the leaves of the tree. The leaves begin to dry out and fall.
This negatively affects the formation of fruits and the development of the tree in general.
It is necessary to spray from this pest during the growth of buds with the drug “Karbofos” or other inteksitsid.
Pear mothThis is a small butterfly with dark front wings.
She lays eggs inside the fruit.
For its activity, the variety “Dzhejnya” is ideal because The moth is dangerous for summer pear varieties - the fruit has a soft peel and is easier to penetrate.
Damaged fruits dry and fall off.
To combat the butterfly, it is necessary to use various insecticides, dig up the tree trunk in the fall and burn the fallen leaves, where the pests go for the winter. Can be treated with benzophosphate.
Winter moth
It lays eggs in cracks in the bark and branches or near the buds. Before flowering tree appear yellow-green caterpillars.
They feed on leaves, flowers and buds of pears. To combat moths, they treat with insecticides before flowering the tree.
Pear Copper
It is a small fly. Adult individuals and their larvae suck the cell sap from the leaves and peduncles of the tree.
As a result of their activity, the flowers die off, the ovary falls and the pear leaves dry. For its destruction is also used inteksitsid.