Growing apple trees in the country is much more difficult than it might seem at first glance. In order to regularly take a good harvest, it is necessary to care for fruit trees, to know the main diseases of apple trees and their treatment. It is about the diseases of apple trees, their leaves and methods of treatment will be discussed in this material.
Did you know? Apple trees belong to the genus of deciduous trees and shrubs of the Pink family. Presumably, the birthplace of the tree - Central Asia, but in the wild it can be found almost throughout Europe. There are at least 36 species in the genus, but the most common apple tree is home. Other names of the species: cultural, lybolistnaya, Chinese, low. The species has at least 7.5 thousand varieties that have been cultivated for thousands of years.
Mealy dew: how to determine the disease, methods of treatment of apple
This fungal disease is one of the most common in gardens, gardens and flower gardens. Mealy dew on the apple tree affects the bark, leaves, buds and tree shoots. First, they form a dirty white bloom, which then changes color to brown, dark spots appear. The leaves on the tree begin to turn yellow, dry and fall off, new shoots do not grow, and the tree does not have enough strength to bear fruit. 
If you do not notice and do not take medical measures in time, the mycelium will resume its activities in the spring. It easily tolerates frosts, persisting in different parts of the tree. Therefore, treatment, as well as prevention, must begin in the spring. The tree is treated with a solution of special preparations, for example, "Skor" or "Topaz" at the rate of 2 ml per 10 l of water. After the tree blossoms, it is sprayed with a solution of copper oxychloride - 40 g per 10 liters of water. You can use the drug "Hom".
Important! After harvesting, it is worthwhile to continue the fight against the fungus by spraying tree Bordeaux liquid (1%) or a solution of liquid soap and copper sulfate (20 g and 50 g, respectively, in a bucket of water).
Means and methods of dealing with scab
One of those diseases of the apple tree that affects the leaves of the tree. Saplings can also be completely affected. Unless urgent action is taken, the stalks and flowers are affected. It is possible to diagnose this disease by a light green, and then olive-brown oily bloom on the leaves. Because of it, the leaves dry and fall. When the disease affects the fruit, they can not be poured: cracks and spots on their skin deform the apple and slow its growth. The fungus is activated in wet weather, when it often rains, there are abundant dew and fog. Moreover, the mycelium easily tolerates frosts, remaining in the fallen leaves of the tree.
Did you know? In order not to suffer from the prevention and treatment of this disease, you can plant apples that are resistant to this disease. These include varieties Jonathan, Saffron Pepin, Antonovka and others.
Effectively and permanently eliminate the scab on an apple tree by treating the tree three times per season with Bordeaux paints (4%). The first time the procedure is carried out in the spring, as soon as the buds begin to bloom. If this moment was missed, spraying during the budding period is acceptable, but already 1% liquid. To prepare the solution, you need a bucket of water and 400 g of the drug. The second time treatment with a fungicide should be carried out immediately after the apple tree has blossomed. The third is carried out in two to three weeks. If the state of the tree is very deplorable, you can double the number of treatments per season.
Important! Choosing a suitable drug, do not rush to treat them all wood. First, check its effect on several branches. So you can protect the apple from burns.
Such drugs as "Zircon", "Skor", "Vectra", and "Topaz" have proven themselves well. They will help in the fight not only with scab, but also with other diseases. As a preventive measure, do not forget to clean and burn fallen leaves in the fall, as well as dig up the earth around the trunk of a tree.
How to cure an apple tree from fruit rot (moniliosis)
The disease is activated in late summer, when the fruits begin to ripen. At first small specks of brown color appear on them, which grow relatively quickly and cover the whole apple. It becomes soft and inedible.
Among all the diseases of apple trees and methods of dealing with them, fruit rot is considered the most problematic. It is almost impossible to identify at the initial stage, it appears already in the period of fruiting and rapidly covers the entire crop. 
It is impossible to fight the disease at an active stage of development, but preventive measures turn out to be effective - spraying the tree with “Chom” or similar. It is diluted in proportions of 40 g per bucket of water and sprayed in the spring during the emergence of young leaves. The second time to carry out this procedure is necessary after the apple tree blooms. It is necessary to spray at the rate of 5-6 liters per adult tree and 2 liters per young.
Anti-bacterial burns
In the middle of summer, if you suddenly find brown leaves on an apple tree, which eventually turn black, dry out, change shape, most likely your apple tree has bacterial burns. The disease is brought into the garden most often through saplings and cuttings, purchased from untested stores or received as a gift from friends and neighbors. Subsequently, they can lead to the death of planting material, as well as damage to the crop on adult trees - apples rot in the trees, but do not fall.
The only effective way to fight a disease is prevention. To prevent it, it is necessary to buy seedlings and cuttings only in verified places, carefully studying them for the absence of diseases. Time to engage in pest control in the garden. They are carriers of diseases. When working with the tool, always wash and process it after manipulating suspicious trees. 
To prevent diseases of apple trees on the bark, leaves, fruits and not worry about their treatment, spend time disinfecting the soil in the garden. To do this, prepare a solution of copper sulphate, which is poured over the soil (in a bucket of water 60 g). Trees themselves should be treated with the drug "Chom" in the proportions indicated above.
Important! It is possible to get rid of the detected disease only by completely destroying its foci. All cuts in the trees should be covered with garden pitch or 1% copper sulfate solution.
How to protect the apple tree from cytosporosis
Cytosporosis is a fungal disease that affects the bark of trees. On it, ulcers of dark color first appear, which in time increase in size and penetrate into the trunk, changing their color. For extensive cytosporosis, large brown-red ulcers are characteristic, around which the bark of the tree gradually dies, falling off along with the branches. If the apple tree is not treated, it will soon die. The situation is aggravated by poor soil, improper care and watering the tree.
For the treatment of the disease, spraying with the drug "Hom" is used in the spring, when the buds on the apple tree begin to swell. For the procedure it is necessary to choose a warm and lovely day. The second time the tree is treated with a solution of copper sulphate before flowering. The third treatment is carried out immediately after the end of flowering with the same "Home". On the eve of winter, the stumps of large trees should be whitened, and the apple trees themselves should be fed with phosphorus or potassium.
For the treatment used such methods. Cut the affected branches, wounds cleaned with a sterile instrument, removing up to 2 cm of healthy tissue. Sections are treated with 3% copper sulfate and covered with garden solution. If there are hollows in the tree, they must also be repaired. Remote affected parts of the tree are collected and burned. Every two to three weeks, treated areas should be checked to ensure there is no relapse. Lime stem must be treated not only in autumn, but also in spring.
Description of milky luster, how to cure an apple tree from this disease
Many people think that the milky luster affects the trunk of an apple tree. But in fact, the disease begins with the leaves and gradually affects the cortex. If you notice that the leaves turn yellow in an apple tree, then they blister with white and silver stripes and crumble, for sure this is a consequence of the destruction of the tree with a milky luster. In the running version, dark spots appear on the bark and trunk. The tree loses its strength very quickly and dies.
The treatment consists in removing the affected bark of the tree and processing the cuts with a special glue. As a preventive method, treatment of the whole tree with special solutions is recommended, whitewashing the trunk with lime in the fall and spring. Proper care, timely feeding and regular watering are also important.
Methods of dealing with black cancer
Perhaps the most serious disease is black apple cancer, the control measures against which are very labor-intensive. The disease affects the bark of the tree, the fruits and the leaves. On the latter there are spots that are spread in size and quantity. The bark of the tree cracks and turns out, can first rise, and then crack. Black rot appears on the fruit. If time does not begin treatment, the tree soon dies.
As soon as the disease is detected, all affected branches and leaves should be cut and burned. Sections and cracks are treated with a 1% solution of copper sulphate and a garden pavement is applied. After flowering apple trees need to process a solution of Bordeaux liquids.
But these emergency measures are not as effective as preventing disease. Watch carefully for the soil around the tree, which must be disinfected in time. Trees need timely and proper care, since diseases appear primarily on weak plants.
Time to deal with pests that spread disease, as well as with other diseases that weaken the tree.
As you can see, to get a rich and juicy harvest of apple trees, you need to work hard near the trees. They are subject to a number of different diseases that lead to the death of not only the harvest, but also the tree itself. But if you adhere to agricultural technology, in time to carry out preventive measures, most diseases can be prevented.
